Year 5 Medical Student, University of Bristol.
Year 1, Internal Medicine Training, St George's Hospital, London.
Br J Nurs. 2022 Jan 13;31(1):20-27. doi: 10.12968/bjon.2022.31.1.20.
An oncological emergency may be the initial presentation of a cancer, a sign of cancer progression, or a complication of cancer treatment. The most frequently encountered paediatric oncological emergencies include neutropenic sepsis, hyperleukocytosis, brain tumours presenting with raised intracranial pressure, tumour lysis syndrome and superior mediastinal syndrome. These are all life-threatening conditions that require urgent recognition and management. Health professionals working in an emergency department (ED) are likely to be involved in managing these children. This article brings together the current guidance and recommendations for these specific emergencies. It also includes two case studies that demonstrate the challenges health professionals can face while managing these situations. It is important that health professionals have an acute awareness of oncological emergencies. Confidence in recognising the presentations, diagnoses and initial management are essential because these conditions may be life-threatening and time critical.
肿瘤急症可能是癌症的首发表现，也可能是癌症进展的迹象，或者是癌症治疗的并发症。儿科最常见的肿瘤急症包括中性粒细胞减少性脓毒症、白细胞增多症、颅内压升高的脑瘤、肿瘤溶解综合征和上纵隔综合征。这些都是危及生命的情况，需要紧急识别和处理。在急诊科工作的卫生专业人员可能会参与这些儿童的管理。本文汇集了针对这些特定急症的最新指南和建议。它还包括两个案例研究，展示了卫生专业人员在管理这些情况时可能面临的挑战。卫生专业人员对肿瘤急症有敏锐的认识非常重要。有信心识别表现、诊断和初步管理是至关重要的，因为这些情况可能危及生命且时间紧迫。
