Meier Simon A, Kandsperger Stephanie, Brunner Romuald, Zimmermann Peter
Institutsambulanz der Klinik und Poliklinik für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie, Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie der Universität Regensburg am Bezirksklinikum Regensburg Universitätsstraße 84 93053 Regensburg Deutschland.
Bergische Universität Wuppertal Deutschland.
Prax Kinderpsychol Kinderpsychiatr. 2022 Jan;71(1):2-22. doi: 10.13109/prkk.2022.71.1.2.
Personality models play an important role for the etiological understanding of abnormal development in clinical settings. In this selective review, relevant personality models are presented and, in particular, their developmental dynamics and adaptability over the life span, starting in childhood, are considered in detail. The focus is on the developmental psychopathological perspective of processes of ego-resiliency and self-regulation between the poles of disposition and social environment. This is particularly obvious in the discussion of developmental path models of personality dysfunction with experiences of abuse or disorganized attachment in the child's history. Psychopathologically, an ongoing impairment of self-regulation often results in stable patterns of maladaptation, which leads in the case of purely symptomatic treatment usually only to temporary behavioral modifications. On the other hand, the changeability of pathological personality traits through the use of targeted intervention approaches will favour of a positive outcome and contradicts a deterministic stability of personality characteristics. For future research perspectives in developmental psychopathology, various theoretical personality constructs are discussed and linked to clinical observations.
人格模型在临床环境中对异常发展的病因学理解起着重要作用。在这篇选择性综述中，介绍了相关的人格模型，特别是从童年开始，详细考虑了它们在整个生命周期中的发展动态和适应性。重点是从发展心理病理学的角度，探讨在性格倾向和社会环境两极之间的自我复原力和自我调节过程。这在讨论有虐待经历或儿童期混乱依恋经历的人格功能障碍的发展路径模型时尤为明显。从心理病理学角度来看，自我调节的持续受损往往会导致稳定的适应不良模式，这在单纯对症治疗的情况下通常只会导致暂时的行为改变。另一方面，通过使用有针对性的干预方法来改变病理性人格特质，将有利于取得积极结果，并且与人格特征的确定性稳定性相矛盾。对于发展心理病理学的未来研究前景，讨论了各种理论人格结构，并将其与临床观察联系起来。
