Medical University of Graz, Department of Internal Medicine, Research Unit for Aging and Old Age Medicine, Graz, Austria.
University Hospital Graz, Department of Clinical Medical Nutrition, Graz, Austria.
Clin Interv Aging. 2022 Jan 6;17:1-13. doi: 10.2147/CIA.S343307. eCollection 2022.
In light of the increasing life expectancy of Europe's population and the rising significance of active and healthy ageing relating thereto, an integrated approach of nutritional care within primary health care is gaining importance. The aim of the review was to summarize evidence on the effectiveness of nutritional interventions in primary health care. The scoping review is based upon a comprehensive literature search of relevant literature published between January 2010 and August 2021 in PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Embase and Medline databases. Overall, 15 studies were included for evidence synthesis and interventions were basically clustered according to their type, into 1) eHealth and tele-medical interventions; 2) targeted single interventions; and 3) comprehensive, multi-faceted interventions. The review presents diverging evidence regarding the efficacy and effectiveness of interventions for nutritional care in primary health care, however, demonstrates encouraging outcomes. eHealth and tele-medical interventions partly show a careful positive tendency. Likewise, manifold single interventions on patient level present significant improvements in patient health outcomes. Multifaceted and comprehensive interventions found in the literature also partly demonstrate significant changes in intervention groups. Primary health care represents a critical setting for the care of older citizens and patients with complex health needs. This scoping review provides an overview of current nutrition care practices in primary health care and results reinforce the need to strengthen implementation of multi-faceted interventions carried out by the inter-disciplinary primary care team for advanced nutritional care.
鉴于欧洲人口预期寿命的延长以及与之相关的积极健康老龄化的重要性日益增加，在初级卫生保健中采用综合营养护理方法变得越来越重要。本次综述的目的是总结初级卫生保健中营养干预措施的有效性证据。本范围综述基于对 2010 年 1 月至 2021 年 8 月期间在 PubMed、CINAHL、Cochrane 系统评价数据库、Embase 和 Medline 数据库中发表的相关文献进行的全面文献检索。总体而言，有 15 项研究纳入了证据综合分析，干预措施基本上根据其类型分为 1）电子健康和远程医疗干预；2）有针对性的单一干预；3）全面的、多方面的干预。本综述提供了关于初级卫生保健中营养护理干预措施的疗效和有效性的不同证据，但也显示出令人鼓舞的结果。电子健康和远程医疗干预在一定程度上显示出谨慎的积极趋势。同样，在患者层面上实施的多种单一干预措施也显著改善了患者的健康结果。文献中发现的多方面和全面的干预措施也在一定程度上显示出干预组的显著变化。初级卫生保健是为老年公民和有复杂健康需求的患者提供护理的关键场所。本范围综述概述了初级卫生保健中当前的营养护理实践，并强调需要加强由跨学科初级保健团队实施的多方面干预措施，以提供先进的营养护理。
