Yano Koji, Shin Jungpil, Yasumura Akira
Child Development Support Office Lapöale, 9-2-15 Idenakama Minami-ku, Kumamoto City, Kumamoto 862-0963, Japan; Graduate School of Social and Cultural Sciences, Kumamoto University, 2-40-1 Kurokami Chuo-ku, Kumamoto City, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan.
Pattern Processing Lab, School of Computer Science and Engineering, The University of Aizu, Tsuruga Ikki-machi, Aizu-Wakamatsu City, Fukushima 965-8580, Japan.
Behav Brain Res. 2022 Mar 26;422:113744. doi: 10.1016/j.bbr.2022.113744. Epub 2022 Jan 11.
Cancelation tasks have been widely used to neurologically assess selective attention and visual search in various clinical and research settings. However, there is still a lack of evidence regarding the effect of differences in array conditions on brain activity in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and its association with developmental characteristics. This study employed cancelation tasks to investigate the effects of varying array conditions on oxygenated hemoglobin (oxy-Hb) concentrations. Data from 24 healthy adults were analyzed based on performance during two-block-design type of cancelation tasks with different array conditions (i.e., structured array vs. random array). Performance was assessed based on the number of correct responses, incorrect responses, hit ratios, and performance scores (PS); while PFC activity was examined using near-infrared spectroscopy. In addition, characteristics of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) were assessed using the ADHD-Rating Scale-IV (ADHD-RS-IV). Results revealed that the numbers of correct responses and PS were higher in the random array, but there was no difference in the incorrect responses and hit ratio. Similarly, we observed that the oxy-Hb concentration in the PFC significantly increased during the task. Additionally, in the structured array, a significant relationship between task performance and characteristics of ADHD was found but not in the random array. Our results regarding the above-mentioned changes in oxy-Hb concentration suggest that the PFC region is involved in selective attention. We also found that cancelation tasks in a structured array may be useful in evaluating the characteristics of ADHD.
在各种临床和研究环境中，取消任务已被广泛用于从神经学角度评估选择性注意力和视觉搜索。然而，关于阵列条件差异对前额叶皮质（PFC）脑活动的影响及其与发育特征的关联，仍然缺乏证据。本研究采用取消任务来调查不同阵列条件对氧合血红蛋白（oxy-Hb）浓度的影响。基于24名健康成年人在具有不同阵列条件（即结构化阵列与随机阵列）的两阶段设计类型取消任务期间的表现进行数据分析。根据正确反应次数、错误反应次数、命中率和表现得分（PS）来评估表现；同时使用近红外光谱法检查PFC活动。此外，使用注意力缺陷多动障碍评定量表第四版（ADHD-RS-IV）评估注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）的特征。结果显示，随机阵列中的正确反应次数和PS较高，但错误反应次数和命中率没有差异。同样，我们观察到任务期间PFC中的oxy-Hb浓度显著增加。此外，在结构化阵列中，发现任务表现与ADHD特征之间存在显著关系，但在随机阵列中未发现。我们关于上述oxy-Hb浓度变化的结果表明，PFC区域参与选择性注意力。我们还发现，结构化阵列中的取消任务可能有助于评估ADHD的特征。
