Ishii Sayaka, Kaga Yoshimi, Tando Tomoko, Aoyagi Kakuro, Sano Fumikazu, Kanemura Hideaki, Sugita Kanji, Aihara Masao
Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Japan; Department of Pediatrics, National Hospital Organization Kofu Hospital, Japan.
Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Japan; Department of Pediatrics, National Hospital Organization Kofu Hospital, Japan.
Brain Dev. 2017 May;39(5):395-402. doi: 10.1016/j.braindev.2016.12.005. Epub 2017 Jan 13.
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (AD/HD) is a common developmental disorder. Many reports have suggested that symptoms of AD/HD are related to frontal lobe dysfunctions, particularly disinhibition. However, measuring neurological findings with biomarkers during frontal functional tasks has sometimes been difficult in children with AD/HD. This study aimed to investigate frontal inhibitory function objectively in children with AD/HD during "rock, paper, scissors" (RPS) tasks, as a familiar game for Japanese children, using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS).
Eighteen children with AD/HD were compared with 27 typically developing children (TDC). Children from each group were divided into two age groups: younger, 6-10years; and older, 11-16years. Changes in oxygenated hemoglobin [oxy-Hb] were measured in the prefrontal region using NIRS during a 'to lose' RPS task, in which subjects were asked to present the RPS signal that would lose in response to one of the three signals displayed randomly on a computer screen every 2.0s.
The rate of correct performance with both TDC and AD/HD increased with age. Only in the older group, the rate of correct performance was significantly higher with TDC than with AD/HD. However, children with AD/HD in both age groups showed significantly lower [oxy-Hb] activity in the prefrontal region during the 'to lose' RPS task, particularly in the dorsolateral area.
Our results suggest that prefrontal region activation during the 'to lose' RPS task could offer a biomarker for diagnosing AD/HD, and may help in the early treatment of AD/HD.
注意力缺陷多动障碍（AD/HD）是一种常见的发育障碍。许多报告表明，AD/HD的症状与额叶功能障碍有关，尤其是抑制功能障碍。然而，在额叶功能任务中使用生物标志物测量神经学发现，对于患有AD/HD的儿童来说有时很困难。本研究旨在使用近红外光谱（NIRS），在“石头、剪刀、布”（RPS）任务中客观地研究患有AD/HD的儿童的额叶抑制功能，RPS是日本儿童熟悉的游戏。
将18名患有AD/HD的儿童与27名发育正常的儿童（TDC）进行比较。每组儿童分为两个年龄组：较年轻的，6至10岁；较年长的，11至16岁。在“输”的RPS任务中，使用NIRS在前额叶区域测量氧合血红蛋白[oxy-Hb]的变化，在该任务中，要求受试者呈现每2.0秒在电脑屏幕上随机显示的三个信号之一会输的RPS信号。
TDC组和AD/HD组的正确表现率均随年龄增长而提高。仅在较年长的组中，TDC组的正确表现率显著高于AD/HD组。然而，两个年龄组的AD/HD儿童在“输”的RPS任务期间前额叶区域的[oxy-Hb]活性均显著较低，尤其是在背外侧区域。
我们的结果表明，“输”的RPS任务期间前额叶区域的激活可为AD/HD的诊断提供生物标志物，并可能有助于AD/HD的早期治疗。
