Delgado Amanda, Guddati Achuta Kumar
Division of Hematology/Oncology, Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
World J Oncol. 2021 Dec;12(6):195-205. doi: 10.14740/wjon1410. Epub 2021 Dec 8.
Cancer patients are at an increased risk of developing infections that are primarily treatment-driven but may also be malignancy-driven. While cancer treatments such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery have been known to improve malignancy morbidity and mortality, they also have the potential to weaken immune defenses and induce periods of severe cytopenia. These adverse effects pave the way for opportunistic infections to complicate a hospitalized cancer patient's clinical course. Understanding the risk each patient inherently has for developing a bacterial, fungal, or viral infection is critical to choosing the correct prophylactic treatment in conjunction with their scheduled cancer therapy. This review discusses the most common types of infections found in hospitalized cancer patients as well as the current guidelines for prophylactic and antimicrobial treatment in cancer patients. In addition, it describes the interaction between antibiotics and cancer therapies for consideration when treating infection in a cancer patient.
癌症患者发生感染的风险增加，感染主要由治疗引发，但也可能由恶性肿瘤本身导致。虽然化疗、放疗和手术等癌症治疗方法已知可改善恶性肿瘤的发病率和死亡率，但它们也有可能削弱免疫防御功能并导致严重血细胞减少期。这些不良反应为机会性感染铺平了道路，使住院癌症患者的临床病程复杂化。了解每位患者发生细菌、真菌或病毒感染的固有风险，对于结合其预定的癌症治疗选择正确的预防性治疗至关重要。本综述讨论了住院癌症患者中最常见的感染类型以及癌症患者预防性和抗菌治疗的现行指南。此外，它还描述了在治疗癌症患者感染时需要考虑的抗生素与癌症治疗之间的相互作用。
