Novotny R
CARE-Dominicana, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic.
Arch Latinoam Nutr. 1987 Sep;37(3):417-43.
Anthropologic, survey, dietary recall and anthropometric techniques were used to study the correlates of nutritional status of preschool children under five years of age in Gualaceo Ecuador. A widespread stunting was found among the children. Nutritional status was worst among infants comprised between 12 and 23 months old but it improved between April and August, thus suggesting seasonality changes of nutritional status. The correlates of nutritional status (expressed as Z score of weight-for-age) were dietary diversity, birth-spacing, fertility, migration, household income, material goods owned, and parental education. A regression model with these variables predicted 63% of the variability in weight-for-age. The prediction of height-for-age was similar, but only predicted 43% of the variability in height-for-age. Correlates of dietary diversity, birth-spacing, fertility, and migration were child age, maternal age and arm circumference, parental education, use of birth control, household food expenditure, material goods owned, and the raising of animals. Parental education was a correlate of dietary diversity, fertility and migration. Parental education was related to change in weight-for-age in the longitudinal subset. Pre-harvest time and a pathway of illness leading to decreased dietary diversity and to decreased nutritional status in April, were suggested as important to preschool child nutritional status. Hot-cold ideology--resulting in food withdrawal during illness and restriction of high-protein and high-calorie foods--appears to be an important mechanism determining preschool child nutritional status. Breast-feeding, sanitary, higienic, birth control, and drinking (alcohol) practices were suggested as areas that could be improved, in order to improve preschool child nutritional status. Communication between parents and western health care providers was also suggested as an area for improvement.
采用人类学、调查、饮食回顾和人体测量技术，对厄瓜多尔瓜拉塞奥地区5岁以下学龄前儿童营养状况的相关因素进行了研究。研究发现儿童中普遍存在发育迟缓现象。12至23个月大的婴儿营养状况最差，但在4月至8月间有所改善，这表明营养状况存在季节性变化。营养状况的相关因素（以年龄别体重Z评分表示）包括饮食多样性、生育间隔、生育率、移民、家庭收入、拥有的物质财富以及父母教育程度。包含这些变量的回归模型预测了年龄别体重变异性的63%。年龄别身高的预测情况类似，但仅预测了年龄别身高变异性的43%。饮食多样性、生育间隔、生育率和移民的相关因素包括儿童年龄、母亲年龄和臂围、父母教育程度、节育措施的使用、家庭食品支出、拥有的物质财富以及饲养动物情况。父母教育程度与饮食多样性、生育率和移民相关。在纵向子集中，父母教育程度与年龄别体重变化有关。收获前时期以及导致4月饮食多样性降低和营养状况下降的疾病途径，被认为对学龄前儿童营养状况很重要。冷热观念——导致患病期间停止进食以及限制高蛋白和高热量食物——似乎是决定学龄前儿童营养状况的一个重要机制。建议改善母乳喂养、卫生、保健、节育和饮酒习惯等方面，以改善学龄前儿童营养状况。还建议改善父母与西方医疗保健提供者之间的沟通。
