Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.
School of Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona, USA.
Am J Addict. 2022 Mar;31(2):100-107. doi: 10.1111/ajad.13259. Epub 2022 Jan 25.
Ketamine is efficacious in treating treatment-resistant depression in medical settings and the drug was approved for such use by the US Federal Drug Administration in 2019. However, little is known about how use outside of medical settings relates to depression. We determined whether recreational ketamine use, relative to the use of other drugs, is related to the current experience of depression among adolescents.
We examined data from the 2016 to 2019 Monitoring the Future nationally representative survey of high school seniors in the United States (N = 15,673). We determined how past-year drug use and frequency of past-year drug use were associated with students reporting a high level of current depressive symptoms relative to other students.
Ketamine use was associated with highest risk for a high level of depression (aPR = 1.55, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.24-1.94), followed by use of cannabis (aPR = 1.29, 95% CI: 1.19-1.39), and nonmedical use of tranquilizers (aPR = 1.22, 95% CI: 1.04-1.44) and amphetamine (aPR = 1.17, 95% CI: 1.01-1.34). Alcohol use was associated with decreased risk (aPR = 0.92, 95% CI: 0.85-0.99). With respect to frequency of past-year use, more frequent use of ketamine and cannabis was associated with increased risk for a high level of depression in a dose-response-like manner, with past-year use of ketamine and cannabis ≥10 times associated with increased risk for depression by 70% and 40%, respectively.
Past-year recreational ketamine use is a risk factor for reporting current depression than most other drugs.
This was the first study to compare the risk of use of various drugs in relation to depression.
氯胺酮在治疗医学环境中的难治性抑郁症方面具有疗效，并且该药物已于 2019 年被美国联邦药物管理局批准用于该用途。然而，对于在医学环境之外的使用如何与抑郁症相关，我们知之甚少。我们确定了娱乐性氯胺酮的使用与其他药物的使用相比，与青少年当前的抑郁经历是否相关。
我们检查了美国 2016 年至 2019 年监测未来全国高中生代表性调查的数据（N=15673）。我们确定了过去一年的药物使用情况和过去一年的药物使用频率与报告当前抑郁症状程度较高的学生与其他学生之间的关系。
氯胺酮的使用与高抑郁水平的风险最高相关（aPR=1.55，95%置信区间[CI]：1.24-1.94），其次是大麻的使用（aPR=1.29，95%CI：1.19-1.39），非医疗用镇静剂（aPR=1.22，95%CI：1.04-1.44）和安非他命（aPR=1.17，95%CI：1.01-1.34）。饮酒与风险降低相关（aPR=0.92，95%CI：0.85-0.99）。就过去一年的使用频率而言，氯胺酮和大麻的使用频率越高，与抑郁水平升高呈剂量反应关系，过去一年使用氯胺酮和大麻≥10 次与抑郁风险分别增加 70%和 40%。
过去一年的娱乐性氯胺酮使用是报告当前抑郁的风险因素，比大多数其他药物的风险因素都高。
这是第一项比较各种药物使用与抑郁关系的研究。
