Department of Pharmacology & Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy & Medical Sciences, University of Petra, Amman, Jordan.
J Community Health. 2022 Jun;47(3):416-424. doi: 10.1007/s10900-022-01065-9. Epub 2022 Jan 25.
Asymptomatic carriage of methicillin-resistant Staphylococci (MRS) may allow for the unseen dissemination of antibiotic-resistant strains through the population. This study investigates the prevalence and epidemiological risk factors that contribute to the spread of MRS in a university setting in Amman, Jordan. A cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was performed in December 2019. Five hundred and four students enrolled in the study and provided skin and nasal swabs. Swabs were then processed to isolate MRS on Mannitol Salt Agar (MSA) + 4 µg/ml oxacillin. Isolates were tested for their antibiotic susceptibility using the disc diffusion assay. Epidemiological risk assessment was performed using the Chi-square test and univariate and multivariant analysis. The percentage carriage of MRS in the 504 students was 40.4%. The carriage rate of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis (MRSE) from the skin and nasal areas was 13.5% and 26.9%, respectively. The percentage of male carriers was significantly higher than females, and the only identified epidemiological risk factor related to the carriage was attendance at a fitness club. All MRS isolates were resistant to oxacillin (100%), cefoxitin (45.5%), erythromycin (35.2%), gentamycin (10.2%), ciprofloxacin (12.7%), nitrofurantoin (12.2%), linezolid (7.8%), amikacin (1.47%), and Vancomycin (0.49%). 42% of MRS expressed a multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index above 0.2. Three isolates expressed a MAR index of 0.8. MRS has been exhibited to be present in an otherwise healthy population of students, which may then act as a reservoir for MAR strains.
耐甲氧西林葡萄球菌（MRS）的无症状携带可能导致人群中抗生素耐药菌株的隐形传播。本研究旨在调查约旦安曼一所大学中 MRS 传播的流行情况和流行病学危险因素。2019 年 12 月进行了一项基于问卷调查的横断面研究。共有 504 名学生参加了研究，并提供了皮肤和鼻腔拭子。然后将拭子在甘露醇盐琼脂（MSA）+4µg/ml 苯唑西林上进行处理，以分离 MRS。使用纸片扩散法检测分离株的抗生素敏感性。使用卡方检验和单变量及多变量分析进行流行病学危险因素评估。504 名学生中 MRS 的携带率为 40.4%。皮肤和鼻腔部位耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌（MRSA）和耐甲氧西林表皮葡萄球菌（MRSE）的携带率分别为 13.5%和 26.9%。男性携带者的比例明显高于女性，唯一与携带相关的流行病学危险因素是参加健身俱乐部。所有 MRS 分离株均对苯唑西林（100%）、头孢西丁（45.5%）、红霉素（35.2%）、庆大霉素（10.2%）、环丙沙星（12.7%）、呋喃妥因（12.2%）、利奈唑胺（7.8%）、阿米卡星（1.47%）和万古霉素（0.49%）耐药。42%的 MRS 表达的多重抗生素耐药（MAR）指数高于 0.2。有 3 株分离株的 MAR 指数为 0.8。耐甲氧西林葡萄球菌已被证实存在于健康的学生人群中，这些学生可能成为 MAR 菌株的储存库。
