Candan Busra, Torun Ebru, Dikici Rumeysa
Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University, Alanya, Turkey.
Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University, Alanya, Turkey.
Foot Ankle Orthop. 2022 Jan 18;7(1):24730114211068792. doi: 10.1177/24730114211068792. eCollection 2022 Jan.
Accessory ossicles, sesamoid bones, and biphalangism of toes are the most common developmental variations of the foot. These bones may be associated with painful syndromes; however, their clinical importance is not well understood because the reported prevalence varies widely. Therefore, we aimed to investigate these variants in Turkish subjects.
A total of 1651 foot radiographs were retrospectively assessed. Radiographs of feet were examined regarding the prevalence, sex, and bilaterality of accessory ossicles, sesamoid bones, and biphalangism in Turkish subjects.
Accessory ossicles (26.1%) and sesamoid bones (8%) were detected. The most common accessory ossicles were os trigonum (9.8%), accessory navicular bone (7.9%), and os peroneum (5.8%). Also, we detected os supratalare (0.48%), os calcanei secundarium (0.42%) os subfibulare (0.42%), os supranaviculare (0.36%), os vesalianum (0.30%), os subtibiale (0.24%), os intermetatarseum (0.12%), and os subcalcis (0.12%). We observed bipartite hallux sesamoid in 1.8% and interphalangeal sesamoid bone of the hallux in 0.7% of radiographs. Incidences of metatarsophalangeal sesamoid bones were found as 0.6%, 0.06%, 0.6%, and 5.8% in the second, third, fourth, and fifth digit, respectively. We observed biphalangeal toe in 0.5%, 1.7%, 3.5%, and 37.6% in the second, third, fourth, and fifth toe, respectively.
This study is the first detailed report on the incidence of the most common variants of the foot and ankle in a wide-ranging patients' series in Turkish subjects. Our study's findings will contribute to reducing misdiagnosis.
The results of this study may provide anatomical data that could help clinicians in the diagnosis and management of disorders that present with pain and discomfort in the feet. Knowledge of these variants is important to prevent misinterpreting them as fractures.
副骨、籽骨和趾骨双节畸形是足部最常见的发育变异。这些骨头可能与疼痛综合征有关；然而，由于报道的患病率差异很大，它们的临床重要性尚未得到充分理解。因此，我们旨在调查土耳其人群中的这些变异情况。
回顾性评估了总共1651张足部X光片。对足部X光片进行检查，以了解土耳其人群中副骨、籽骨和趾骨双节畸形的患病率、性别分布及双侧情况。
检测到副骨（26.1%）和籽骨（8%）。最常见的副骨是三角骨（9.8%）、副舟骨（7.9%）和腓骨籽骨（5.8%）。此外，我们还检测到距上骨（0.48%）、跟骨副骨（0.42%）、腓下骨（0.42%）、舟上骨（0.36%）、维萨里骨（0.30%）、胫下骨（0.24%）、跖间骨（0.12%）和跟下骨（0.12%）。在1.8%的X光片中观察到拇趾籽骨二分，在0.7%的X光片中观察到拇趾趾间籽骨。第二、三、四、五趾的跖趾关节籽骨发生率分别为0.6%、0.06%、0.6%和5.8%。我们分别在第二、三、四、五趾中观察到趾骨双节畸形的发生率为0.5%、1.7%、3.5%和37.6%。
本研究是关于土耳其人群中大量患者系列足踝最常见变异发生率的首份详细报告。我们研究的结果将有助于减少误诊。
本研究结果可能提供解剖学数据，有助于临床医生诊断和处理足部出现疼痛和不适的疾病。了解这些变异对于防止将它们误诊为骨折很重要。
