Department of Environment and Health, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Department of Environment and Health, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Chemosphere. 2022 May;294:133774. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.133774. Epub 2022 Jan 29.
This study evaluated the migration of brominated flame retardants (BFRs), phosphate flame retardants (PFRs), bisphenols (BPA, BPF), and phthalate ester-based plasticizers from recycled polymeric toy material, containing waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE), in artificial saliva simulating 1 h of mouthing. In total 12 parts of 9 different toys were tested in triplicate after confirming WEEE specific contamination. Up to 11 contaminants were detected in saliva from one toy sample. The highest migration rate up to 128 ng/(cm x h) was found for BPA followed by bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and diisobutyl phthalate (DIBP) with migration rates up to 25.5 and 8.27 ng/(cm x h), respectively. In addition to DecaBDE, which was detected in 3 saliva samples at migration rates between 0.09 and 0.31 ng/(cm x h), the decaBDE replacements 2,4,6-tris(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy)-1,3,5-triazine (TTBP-TAZ), decabromodiphenyl ethane (DBDPE), resorcinol bis(diphenyl phosphate) (RDP), and hexabromocyclododecane (HBCDD) were detected as well with comparable migration rates. 2,4,6-tribromphenol (246-TBP) reached migration rates up to 1.15 ng/(cm x h) in correspondence to the presence of TTBP-TAZ. Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA), BPA, 246-TBP, DEHP, DIBP and triphenyl phosphate (TPHP) were predominantly observed in saliva with a detection frequency between 50 and 75%. Daily intake (DI) values were calculated for relevant analytes and compared to tolerable daily intake (TDI) values. The highest DI values of 72.4, 14.3, 5.74, 2.28 and 2.09 ng/(kg BW x day), were obtained for BPA, DEHP, DIBP, TBBPA, and TPHP, respectively. None of them exceed the TDI value or respective reference dose (RfD).
本研究评估了源自含废弃电子电气设备（WEEE）的回收聚合物玩具材料的溴系阻燃剂（BFRs）、磷系阻燃剂（PFRs）、双酚（BPA、BPF）和邻苯二甲酸酯类增塑剂在人工唾液中模拟 1 小时咀嚼时的迁移情况。在确认 WEEE 特定污染后，共测试了 9 种不同玩具的 12 个部分，每个部分均重复 3 次。在一个玩具样本的唾液中检测到了多达 11 种污染物。BPA 的迁移率最高，达到 128 ng/（cm×h），其次是邻苯二甲酸二（2-乙基己基）酯（DEHP）和邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯（DIBP），迁移率分别高达 25.5 和 8.27 ng/（cm×h）。除了在 3 份唾液样本中检测到的十溴联苯醚（DecaBDE），迁移率在 0.09 至 0.31 ng/（cm×h）之间，还检测到十溴联苯醚的替代品 2,4,6-三（2,4,6-三溴苯氧基）-1,3,5-三嗪（TTBP-TAZ）、十溴二苯乙烷（DBDPE）、双酚 R 型二（二苯基磷酸酯）（RDP）和六溴环十二烷（HBCDD），迁移率相当。2,4,6-三溴苯酚（246-TBP）的迁移率高达 1.15 ng/（cm×h），与 TTBP-TAZ 的存在相对应。四溴双酚 A（TBBPA）、BPA、246-TBP、DEHP、DIBP 和磷酸三苯酯（TPHP）主要在唾液中检出，检出频率在 50%至 75%之间。对相关分析物进行了每日摄入量（DI）值的计算，并与可耐受每日摄入量（TDI）值进行了比较。BPA、DEHP、DIBP、TBBPA 和 TPHP 的最高 DI 值分别为 72.4、14.3、5.74、2.28 和 2.09 ng/（kg BW×day）。它们均未超过 TDI 值或各自的参考剂量（RfD）。
