Department of Nursing Faculty of Health Science, Aino University, Osaka, Japan.
Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan.
PLoS One. 2022 Feb 2;17(2):e0261716. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0261716. eCollection 2022.
This study aimed to investigate the incidence rates and predictors of lower limb fractures in a general Japanese population.
NIPPON DATA is a nationwide, long-term, prospective cohort study of individuals who participated in the National Cardiovascular Survey Japan and the National Nutrition Survey in 1990. Overall, 3,134 individuals (1,827 women, 1,307 men) who participated in follow-up assessments in 1995, 2000, and/or 2006 were included in the present analysis. The outcomes of this study were lower limb fractures (including proximal femur fractures).
The mean age at baseline was 63.8 years in women and 63.1 years in men. The average body mass index (BMI) was 23.3 kg/m2 in women and 22.9 kg/m2 in men. During a mean follow-up of 12.1 years, 271 total lower limb fractures were observed. In women, older age, lower BMI, and less intake of vegetables were associated with increased risks of proximal femur fractures. With regard to the outcome of total lower limb fractures, less intake of vegetables and regular exercise were significant predictors in women. Calcium intake was not significantly associated with proximal femur or total lower limb fractures. There were no significant predictors of proximal femur or total lower limb fractures in men, except for age.
Aging was a significant risk factor for proximal femur and total lower limb fractures in both men and women. With regard to modifiable risk factors, low BMI and low intake of vegetables were associated with increased risks of proximal femur and/or total lower limb fractures in the general population of Japanese women.
本研究旨在调查日本普通人群下肢骨折的发生率和预测因素。
NIPPON DATA 是一项针对参加 1990 年全国心血管调查日本和全国营养调查的个体的全国性、长期、前瞻性队列研究。共有 3134 名（1827 名女性，1307 名男性）参加了 1995 年、2000 年和/或 2006 年的随访评估，被纳入本分析。本研究的结局为下肢骨折（包括股骨近端骨折）。
女性基线时的平均年龄为 63.8 岁，男性为 63.1 岁。女性平均体重指数（BMI）为 23.3kg/m2，男性为 22.9kg/m2。在平均 12.1 年的随访期间，共观察到 271 例下肢总骨折。在女性中，年龄较大、BMI 较低和蔬菜摄入量较少与股骨近端骨折风险增加相关。对于总下肢骨折的结局，蔬菜摄入量较少和定期运动是女性的显著预测因素。钙的摄入量与股骨近端或总下肢骨折无显著相关性。除年龄外，男性股骨近端或总下肢骨折无显著预测因素。
衰老是男性和女性股骨近端和总下肢骨折的重要危险因素。对于可改变的危险因素，低 BMI 和蔬菜摄入量较少与日本女性普通人群股骨近端和/或总下肢骨折风险增加相关。
