Brady M S, Rickard K A, Fitzgerald J F, Lemons J A
J Am Diet Assoc. 1986 Feb;86(2):191-200.
The composition of specialized formulas for infants who experience malabsorption or formula intolerance is described in detail. The limited studies of efficacy, as well as a rationale for selecting an appropriate formula for infants with malabsorption or formula intolerance, are discussed. Infants with symptoms of diarrhea or emesis may have intolerance to milk lactose or milk protein. Soy formulas contain no lactose or cow's milk and should be the first choice of an alternative feeding because of cost and convenience. Some infants may be intolerant of soy as well as cow's milk protein. They benefit from formula containing neither cow's milk nor soy protein or from a specially processed milk-based formula containing hydrolyzed casein. A carbohydrate-free formula to which the desired type of carbohydrate is added may be helpful in the diagnosis and treatment of disaccharidase deficiencies and monosaccharide intolerances. Infants with extensive intestinal resections or intractable diarrhea may require specialized infant formulas with qualitative/quantitative modifications of fat, carbohydrate, and protein. Formulas with medium-chain triglycerides may be useful for infants with steatorrhea. "Preterm" formulas or milk from the infant's mother are preferred for preterm infants, since such feedings promote improved fat and carbohydrate absorption and better meet the infant's nutrient requirements.
详细描述了针对吸收不良或配方奶不耐受婴儿的特殊配方奶粉的成分。讨论了关于疗效的有限研究，以及为吸收不良或配方奶不耐受婴儿选择合适配方奶粉的基本原理。有腹泻或呕吐症状的婴儿可能对牛奶乳糖或牛奶蛋白不耐受。大豆配方奶粉不含乳糖或牛奶，由于成本和便利性，应作为替代喂养的首选。一些婴儿可能既不耐受大豆也不耐受牛奶蛋白。他们受益于既不含牛奶蛋白也不含大豆蛋白的配方奶粉，或受益于含有水解酪蛋白的经过特殊加工的牛奶基配方奶粉。添加了所需类型碳水化合物的无碳水化合物配方奶粉可能有助于诊断和治疗双糖酶缺乏症和单糖不耐受症。接受广泛肠道切除术或患有顽固性腹泻的婴儿可能需要对脂肪、碳水化合物和蛋白质进行定性/定量调整的特殊婴儿配方奶粉。含中链甘油三酯的配方奶粉可能对患有脂肪泻的婴儿有用。早产婴儿首选“早产”配方奶粉或其母亲的乳汁，因为此类喂养可促进脂肪和碳水化合物吸收的改善，并更好地满足婴儿的营养需求。
