Scott P, Sher A
J Immunol. 1986 Feb 15;136(4):1461-6.
The susceptibility of 26 strains and clones of Leishmania to in vitro killing by lymphokine (LK)-activated macrophages was determined. A spectrum in the susceptibility of Leishmania to macrophage killing was observed. Some leishmanias were completely resistant to killing, including some but not all of the L. mexicana strains studied. This resistance was expressed in amastigotes and stationary growth-phase promastigotes, but not in logarithmic promastigotes. In contrast, some L. braziliensis parasites failed to survive within either activated or nonactivated macrophages. Between these two extremes were strains that survived within nonactivated macrophages, but were readily killed within activated macrophages. These included L. donovani, L. major, and some L. mexicana strains. Finally, one L. mexicana strain (WR357) was found to be susceptible to killing at high LK concentrations, but was relatively resistant at lower LK concentrations or at cutaneous temperatures. The observed differences in susceptibility to macrophage-mediated microbicidal activity may explain, in part, the variable pathogenesis of leishmanial infections.
测定了26株利什曼原虫菌株和克隆对淋巴因子（LK）激活的巨噬细胞体外杀伤的敏感性。观察到利什曼原虫对巨噬细胞杀伤的敏感性存在差异。一些利什曼原虫对杀伤完全耐药，包括部分但并非全部所研究的墨西哥利什曼原虫菌株。这种耐药性在无鞭毛体和静止期前鞭毛体中表现出来，但在对数期前鞭毛体中未表现。相反，一些巴西利什曼原虫寄生虫在活化或未活化的巨噬细胞内均无法存活。在这两个极端之间的菌株在未活化的巨噬细胞内存活，但在活化的巨噬细胞内很容易被杀死。这些包括杜氏利什曼原虫、硕大利什曼原虫和一些墨西哥利什曼原虫菌株。最后，发现一株墨西哥利什曼原虫菌株（WR357）在高LK浓度下易被杀伤，但在较低LK浓度或皮肤温度下相对耐药。观察到的对巨噬细胞介导的杀菌活性敏感性的差异可能部分解释了利什曼原虫感染发病机制的差异。
