National Institute of Sciences and Seawater Technologies Salammbô, Salammbo, Tunisia.
Unité de Recherche Analyses et Procédés Appliqués à l'Environnement-ISSAT, Mahdia, Tunisia.
Water Environ Res. 2022 Feb;94(2):e10689. doi: 10.1002/wer.10689.
The effect of sunlight and salinities (10, 20, 39, and 60 psu) on the survival of Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains carrying either (thermostable direct hemolysin) tdh, the (thermostable related hemolysin) trh, and both or none of them were studied in water microcosms stabilized at 20°C using plate count agar and acridine orange direct viable count. All V. parahaemolyticus strains exposed to sunlight rapidly lose their culturability and evolve into a viable but non-culturable state (VBNC). However, the tdh positive strains remain more culturable than the non-virulent or trh positive strain but statically insignificant. At tested salinities, the survival time was higher at 10, 20, and 60 psu compared with that observed in seawater (39 psu). In seawater under dark condition, Vibrio strains remain culturable for up to 200 days with a significant difference between strains (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the non-pathogenic strain survives longer than the virulent ones. At different salinities, a better adaptation is observed at 10 and 20 psu compared with 39 and 60 psu. Resuscitations essays performed on VBNC bacteria in a nutrient broth at 20°C and 37°C does not show any revivification. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Effect of sunlight and salinities on the survival of V. parahaemolyticus in the marine environment. Resuscitation essay performed on viable but no cultivable bacteria. Microscope motility examines show that all strains exposed to sunlight remain motile after the loss of cultivability.
在 20°C 下使用平板计数琼脂和吖啶橙直接活菌计数稳定的水微宇宙中，研究了携带（耐热直接溶血素）tdh、（耐热相关溶血素）trh 或两者均无的阳光和盐度（10、20、39 和 60 psu）对副溶血性弧菌菌株存活的影响。所有暴露在阳光下的副溶血性弧菌菌株迅速失去可培养性，并演变为存活但非可培养状态（VBNC）。然而，tdh 阳性菌株比非毒性或 trh 阳性菌株更具可培养性，但无统计学意义。在测试的盐度下，10、20 和 60 psu 下的存活时间高于海水（39 psu）下的存活时间。在黑暗条件下的海水中，副溶血性弧菌菌株在长达 200 天内保持可培养，菌株之间存在显著差异（p<0.05）。此外，非致病性菌株比毒性菌株存活时间更长。在不同盐度下，与 39 和 60 psu 相比，在 10 和 20 psu 下观察到更好的适应性。在 20°C 和 37°C 的营养肉汤中对 VBNC 细菌进行复苏试验显示没有任何复活。
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