Proteome analysis of model and non-model plants is a genuine scientific field in expansion. Several technological advances have contributed to the implementation of different proteomics approaches for qualitative and quantitative analysis of the dynamics of cellular responses at the protein level. The design of time-resolved experiments and the emergent use of multiplexed proteome analysis using chemical or isotopic and isobaric labeling strategies as well as label-free approaches are generating a vast amount of proteomics data that is going to be essential for analysis of protein posttranslational modifications and implementation of systems biology approaches. Through the target proteomics analysis, especially the ones that combine the untargeted methods, we should expect an improvement in the completeness of the identification of proteome and reveal nuances of regulatory cellular mechanisms related to plant development and responses to environmental stresses. Both genomic sequencing and proteomic advancements in the last decades coupled to integrative data analysis are enriching biological information that was once confined to model plants. Therewith, predictions of a changing environment places proteomics as an especially useful tool for crops performance.