Kang Da, Zheng Ping, Li Wenji, Xu Dongdong, Chen Wenda, Pan Chao
National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, China; Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, China.
Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, China.
Environ Res. 2022 Jul;210:112763. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.112763. Epub 2022 Feb 1.
Anammox granular sludge processes are an attractive and efficient biotechnology in the field of wastewater treatment. In this study, the stratification patterns of anammox granular sludge bed (GSB) at steady states were illustrated and its relationship to microbial activity and community were systematically investigated under different nitrogen loading rates (NLRs). Morphological observation and quantitive particle size distribution analysis demonstrated that the GSB at low NLR was mainly composed of micro and fine granules with a big difference between bottom and top sludge layers. But at high NLR, the volumetric mean diameter (VMD) of GSB increased with the size distribution width (Span) declined forming a more homogeneous and coarse granules population. The particle size distribution parameters of GSB could be fast characterized by the optical lightness (L*) parameter (r = -0.771, p < 0.01, n = 16) and held a significant correlation with the nitrogen removal rate (NRR) of anammox system (r > 0.9, p < 0.05). The microbial spatial distribution patterns of different sludge layers were further investigated by high-throughput sequencing. The microbial community α-diversity index and microbial abundance matrix proved that the community structure tend to coverage at high NLR. Significant difference of the relative abundance of microbial community was detected under different NLRs. The VMD of GSB held a significant correlation with the relative abundance of AnAOB (r = 0.556, p < 0.01, n = 16) and other common accompanying bacteria (Denitratisoma and Chloroflexi). This study proved that the apparent particle size distribution patterns of GSB could be a potential auxiliary indicator to reflect the microbial activity and community, which can facilitate the innovative process monitor of anammox system based on visual features.
厌氧氨氧化颗粒污泥工艺是废水处理领域一种具有吸引力且高效的生物技术。在本研究中，阐述了厌氧氨氧化颗粒污泥床（GSB）在稳态下的分层模式，并系统研究了其在不同氮负荷率（NLRs）下与微生物活性和群落的关系。形态学观察和定量粒度分布分析表明，低NLR时的GSB主要由微小颗粒组成，底部和顶部污泥层之间存在很大差异。但在高NLR时，GSB的体积平均直径（VMD）随着粒度分布宽度（Span）的减小而增加，形成了更均匀、更粗大的颗粒群体。GSB的粒度分布参数可以通过光学亮度（L*）参数快速表征（r = -0.771，p < 0.01，n = 16），并与厌氧氨氧化系统的氮去除率（NRR）具有显著相关性（r > 0.9，p < 0.05）。通过高通量测序进一步研究了不同污泥层的微生物空间分布模式。微生物群落α多样性指数和微生物丰度矩阵证明，在高NLR时群落结构趋于覆盖。在不同NLRs下检测到微生物群落相对丰度的显著差异。GSB的VMD与厌氧氨氧化菌（AnAOB）以及其他常见伴生细菌（脱氮索菌属和绿弯菌门）的相对丰度具有显著相关性（r = 图0.556，p < 0.01，n = 16）。本研究证明，GSB明显的粒度分布模式可能是反映微生物活性和群落的潜在辅助指标，有助于基于视觉特征对厌氧氨氧化系统进行创新的过程监测。
