Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior, Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, USA; Department of Biological and Experimental Psychology, Queen Mary University of London, UK.
Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior, Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, USA.
Int J Psychophysiol. 2022 Apr;174:29-42. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2022.01.014. Epub 2022 Feb 4.
Previous studies have associated attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) with several alterations in electroencephalographic (EEG) activity. Time-frequency analyses capturing event-related power modulations are becoming an increasingly popular approach, but a systematic synthesis of the time-frequency literature in ADHD is currently lacking. We conducted the first systematic review and meta-analysis of time-frequency studies of children and adults with ADHD in comparison to neurotypical controls. Searches via Medline, Embase, and Web of Science, as well as reference lists, identified 28 eligible articles published until March 2021. Of these, 13 articles with relevant data were included in a multi-level meta-analysis. Most studies examined power modulations of alpha, theta and/or beta frequencies (N = 21/28), and focused on children (N = 17/28). Meta-analyses showed significantly weaker theta increases (Cohen's d = -0.25, p = 0.039; N = 346, N = 327), alpha decreases (d = 0.44, p < 0.001; N = 564, N = 450), and beta increases (Cohen's d = -0.33, p < 0.001; N = 222, N = 263) in individuals with ADHD relative to controls. These patterns indicate broad brain-oscillatory alterations in individuals with ADHD with small (theta) and small-to-moderate (alpha and beta) effect sizes. These group differences were partly consistent when repeating analyses by age group (<18 and 18+ years) and task type (cognitive control, working memory, and simple attention tasks). Overall, our findings identify widespread event-related brain-oscillatory alterations in individuals with ADHD during a range of neurocognitive functions. Future research requires larger samples, a broader range of frequency bands (including delta and gamma) during a wider type of cognitive-affective processes, and should clarify whether atypical event-related power profiles are ADHD-specific or shared with other neuropsychiatric conditions.
先前的研究表明，注意力缺陷/多动障碍（ADHD）与脑电图（EEG）活动的多种改变有关。捕捉事件相关功率调制的时频分析正成为一种越来越流行的方法，但目前 ADHD 的时频文献缺乏系统的综合。我们对 ADHD 儿童和成人与神经典型对照组进行了 ADHD 时频研究的首次系统综述和荟萃分析。通过 Medline、Embase 和 Web of Science 进行搜索，并查阅参考文献，确定了截至 2021 年 3 月发表的 28 篇符合条件的文章。其中，有 13 篇相关数据的文章被纳入多层次荟萃分析。大多数研究都检查了 alpha、theta 和/或 beta 频率的功率调制（N=21/28），并侧重于儿童（N=17/28）。荟萃分析显示，ADHD 个体的 theta 波增强（Cohen's d=-0.25，p=0.039；N=346，N=327）、alpha 波降低（d=0.44，p<0.001；N=564，N=450）和 beta 波增加（Cohen's d=-0.33，p<0.001；N=222，N=263）的幅度显著降低。这些模式表明 ADHD 个体存在广泛的脑振荡改变，其特征是小（theta）和小至中等（alpha 和 beta）效应量。当按年龄组（<18 岁和 18 岁以上）和任务类型（认知控制、工作记忆和简单注意力任务）重复分析时，这些组间差异部分一致。总体而言，我们的发现确定了 ADHD 个体在一系列神经认知功能中广泛存在的与事件相关的脑振荡改变。未来的研究需要更大的样本，更广泛的频率范围（包括 delta 和 gamma），以及更广泛的认知-情感过程类型，并且应该阐明非典型的与事件相关的功率谱是否是 ADHD 特有的，还是与其他神经精神疾病共享的。
