Huidobro Nayeli, Meza-Andrade Roberto, Méndez-Balbuena Ignacio, Trenado Carlos, Tello Bello Maribel, Tepichin Rodríguez Eduardo
School of Biological Sciences, Universidad Popular Autónoma del Estado de Puebla, Puebla 72000, Mexico.
Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de las Américas Puebla, Puebla 72000, Mexico.
Bioengineering (Basel). 2025 Mar 14;12(3):295. doi: 10.3390/bioengineering12030295.
Because of their nature, biomarkers for neuropsychiatric diseases were out of the reach of medical diagnostic technology until the past few decades. In recent years, the confluence of greater, affordable computer power with the need for more efficient diagnoses and treatments has increased interest in and the possibility of their discovery. This review will focus on the progress made over the past ten years regarding the search for electroencephalographic biomarkers for neuropsychiatric diseases. This includes algorithms and methods of analysis, machine learning, and quantitative electroencephalography as applied to neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental diseases as well as traumatic brain injury and COVID-19. Our findings suggest that there is a need for consensus among quantitative electroencephalography researchers on the classification of biomarkers that most suit this field; that there is a slight disconnection between the development of increasingly sophisticated methods of analysis and what they will actually be of use for in the clinical setting; and finally, that diagnostic biomarkers are the most favored type in the field with a few caveats. The main goal of this state-of-the-art review is to provide the reader with a general panorama of the state of the art in this field.
由于其特性，直到过去几十年，神经精神疾病的生物标志物一直超出医学诊断技术的范畴。近年来，日益强大且价格亲民的计算机能力与对更高效诊断和治疗的需求相结合，增加了人们对其发现的兴趣和可能性。本综述将聚焦过去十年在寻找神经精神疾病脑电图生物标志物方面所取得的进展。这包括应用于神经退行性疾病、神经发育性疾病以及创伤性脑损伤和新冠病毒病（COVID-19）的分析算法和方法、机器学习以及定量脑电图。我们的研究结果表明，定量脑电图研究人员需要就最适合该领域的生物标志物分类达成共识；日益复杂的分析方法的发展与其在临床环境中的实际用途之间存在轻微脱节；最后，诊断性生物标志物是该领域最受青睐的类型，但有一些需要注意的地方。这篇最新技术综述的主要目标是为读者提供该领域的总体现状全景。
