Safina Ingrid, Childress Luke T, Myneni Srinivas R, Vang Kieng Bao, Biris Alexandru S
Center for Integrative Nanotechnology Sciences, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, Little Rock, AR, USA.
Department of Periodontology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
Drug Metab Rev. 2022 Feb;54(1):63-94. doi: 10.1080/03602532.2021.2025387. Epub 2022 Apr 2.
Over the years, conventional skin grafts, such as full-thickness, split-thickness, and pre-sterilized grafts from human or animal sources, have been at the forefront of skin wound care. However, these conventional grafts are associated with major challenges, including supply shortage, rejection by the immune system, and disease transmission following transplantation. Due to recent progress in nanotechnology and material sciences, advanced artificial skin grafts-based on the fundamental concepts of tissue engineering-are quickly evolving for wound healing and regeneration applications, mainly because they can be uniquely tailored to meet the requirements of specific injuries. Despite tremendous progress in tissue engineering, many challenges and uncertainties still face skin grafts , such as how to effectively coordinate the interaction between engineered biomaterials and the immune system to prevent graft rejection. Furthermore, in-depth studies on skin regeneration at the molecular level are still not fully understood; as a consequence, the development of novel biomaterial-based systems that interact with the skin at the core level has also been slow. This review will discuss (1) the biological aspects of wound healing and skin regeneration, (2) important characteristics and functions of biomaterials for skin regeneration applications, and (3) synthesis and applications of common biomaterials for skin regeneration. Finally, the current challenges and future directions of biomaterial-based skin regeneration will be addressed.
多年来，传统的皮肤移植，如全厚皮片、中厚皮片以及来自人或动物源的预消毒移植物，一直处于皮肤伤口护理的前沿。然而，这些传统移植物存在重大挑战，包括供应短缺、免疫系统排斥以及移植后的疾病传播。由于纳米技术和材料科学的最新进展，基于组织工程基本概念的先进人工皮肤移植物正在迅速发展，用于伤口愈合和再生应用，主要是因为它们可以独特地定制以满足特定损伤的要求。尽管组织工程取得了巨大进展，但皮肤移植物仍面临许多挑战和不确定性，例如如何有效协调工程生物材料与免疫系统之间的相互作用以防止移植物排斥。此外，在分子水平上对皮肤再生的深入研究仍未完全了解；因此，在核心层面与皮肤相互作用的新型生物材料基系统的开发也很缓慢。本综述将讨论（1）伤口愈合和皮肤再生的生物学方面，（2）用于皮肤再生应用的生物材料的重要特性和功能，以及（3）用于皮肤再生的常见生物材料的合成和应用。最后，将探讨基于生物材料的皮肤再生的当前挑战和未来方向。
