Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany.
German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany.
Diabetes Care. 2022 Apr 1;45(4):845-853. doi: 10.2337/dc21-1897.
Although dietary intake of trans fatty acid (TFA) is a major public health concern because of the associated increase in the risk of cardiovascular events, it remains unclear whether TFAs also influence risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and whether industrial TFAs (iTFAs) and ruminant TFAs (rTFAs) exert the same effect on health.
To investigate the relationship of 7 rTFAs and iTFAs, including 2 conjugated linoleic acids (CLAs), plasma phospholipid TFAs were measured in a case-cohort study nested within the European Prospective Investigation Into Cancer and Nutrition-Potsdam cohort. The analytical sample was a random subsample (n = 1,248) and incident cases of T2D (n = 801) over a median follow-up of 6.5 years. Using multivariable Cox regression models, we examined associations of TFAs with incident T2D.
The TFA subtypes were intercorrelated with each other, with other fatty acids, and with different food sources. After controlling for other TFAs, the iTFAs (18:1n-6t, 18:1n-9t, 18:2n-6,9t) were not associated with diabetes risk. Some rTFA subtypes were inversely associated with diabetes risk: vaccenic acid (18:1n-7t; hazard ratio [HR] per SD 0.72; 95% CI 0.58-0.89) and t10c12-CLA (HR per SD 0.81; 95% CI 0.70-0.94), whereas c9t11-CLA was positively associated (HR per SD 1.39; 95% CI 1.19-1.62). Trans-palmitoleic acid (16:1n-7t) was not associated with diabetes risk when adjusting for the other TFAs (HR per SD 1.08; 95% CI 0.88-1.31).
The TFAs' conformation plays an essential role in their relationship to diabetes risk. rTFA subtypes may have opposing relationships to diabetes risk. Previous observations for reduced diabetes risk with higher levels of circulating trans-palmitoleic acid are likely due to confounding.
由于反式脂肪酸（TFA）的摄入与心血管事件风险的增加有关，因此其摄入量是一个主要的公共卫生关注点，但目前尚不清楚 TFA 是否也会影响 2 型糖尿病（T2D）的风险，以及工业 TFA（iTFA）和反刍动物 TFA（rTFA）是否对健康有相同的影响。
为了研究 7 种 rTFA 和 iTFA（包括 2 种共轭亚油酸（CLA））与血浆磷脂 TFA 之间的关系，在欧洲癌症前瞻性调查-波茨坦队列中进行了嵌套病例对照研究。分析样本为随机亚样本（n=1248）和中位随访 6.5 年后的 T2D 事件病例（n=801）。使用多变量 Cox 回归模型，我们研究了 TFA 与 T2D 发病风险之间的关系。
TFA 亚型彼此之间相互关联，与其他脂肪酸和不同的食物来源也有关联。在控制其他 TFA 后，iTFA（18:1n-6t、18:1n-9t、18:2n-6,9t）与糖尿病风险无关。一些 rTFA 亚型与糖尿病风险呈负相关：反式-11-十八碳烯酸（18:1n-7t；SD 每单位风险比[HR]0.72；95%CI0.58-0.89）和 t10c12-CLA（SD 每单位 HR0.81；95%CI0.70-0.94），而 c9t11-CLA 则呈正相关（SD 每单位 HR1.39；95%CI1.19-1.62）。当调整其他 TFA 时，反式-16-肉豆蔻酸（16:1n-7t）与糖尿病风险无关（SD 每单位 HR1.08；95%CI0.88-1.31）。
TFA 的构象在其与糖尿病风险的关系中起着至关重要的作用。rTFA 亚型可能与糖尿病风险呈相反的关系。先前观察到循环反式棕榈油酸水平升高与糖尿病风险降低有关，这可能是由于混杂因素所致。
