Department of Psychology.
Personal Disord. 2022 Nov;13(6):674-684. doi: 10.1037/per0000550. Epub 2022 Feb 7.
There remains considerable debate as to what are the core traits of psychopathy. One approach to addressing this question is to identify the traits that are present in persons said to be actual or even prototypic examples of psychopathy. Ted Bundy, Clyde Barrow, Bernie Madoff, James Bond, Chuck Yeager, and Sherlock Holmes have all been described as being a psychopath. The current study conducted nine data collections, obtaining ratings on these six persons. Biographical summaries of each person were provided. In addition, for 3 cases (Bundy, Bond, and Holmes), participants who indicated that they knew the person well provided ratings without the biographical history. Each person was described with respect to the five-factor model, the Cleckley criteria, and additional traits from more recent models of psychopathy (e.g., boldness and fearlessness). Traits evident across all six persons were fearlessness, boldness, feels invulnerable, thrill-seeking, and excitement-seeking. However, this includes persons who would not be said to be psychopaths. The traits that were most specific to psychopathy were traits of antagonism, such as callousness, manipulativeness, dishonesty, arrogance, and cruelty. The results are discussed with respect to historical and current models of psychopathy. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
关于什么是精神变态的核心特征，仍然存在很大的争议。解决这个问题的一种方法是确定那些被认为是实际的甚至是典型的精神变态者所具有的特征。泰德邦迪、克莱德·巴罗、伯尼·麦道夫、詹姆斯·邦德、查克·叶格和夏洛克·福尔摩斯都曾被描述为精神变态者。本研究进行了九次数据收集，对这六个人进行了评分。每个人的传记摘要都提供了。此外，对于 3 个案例（邦德、邦德和福尔摩斯），表示了解该人的参与者在没有传记历史的情况下进行了评分。每个人都根据五因素模型、克利克利标准以及精神变态的最新模型（如大胆和无畏）进行了描述。在所有六个人中都明显存在无畏、大胆、感觉无敌、寻求刺激和寻求兴奋的特征。然而，这包括那些不会被认为是精神变态者的人。最能体现精神变态特征的是敌意特征，如冷酷无情、操纵欲、不诚实、傲慢和残忍。讨论结果涉及历史和当前的精神变态模型。（PsycInfo 数据库记录（c）2022 APA，保留所有权利）。
