Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia - Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia.
BMC Psychiatry. 2022 Feb 7;22(1):92. doi: 10.1186/s12888-022-03745-1.
Depression and anxiety are prevalent mental health issues among medical students due to the various challenges during medical education. These issues affect not only their quality of life, but also their academic and professional development. Coping strategy and resilience are two factors that may influence students' mental health outcomes. Data of medical student mental health in Indonesia is scarce, hampering efforts to systematically address the problem. Hence, this study aims to estimate the prevalence of depressive and anxiety symptoms in Indonesian medical students, and their association with coping strategy and resilience.
Undergraduate medical students from each year of study (Preclinical Year 1 to 4, Clinical Year 1 and 2) in the Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia were randomly selected to participate in this cross-sectional study. The study questionnaire included sociodemographic characteristics, Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS) to measure symptoms of depression and anxiety, Brief COPE to measure coping strategy, and Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) to measure resilience. Scores of depression and anxiety symptoms were analyzed by comparing them between different sociodemographic groups and by measuring their correlation with coping strategies and resilience. Multiple regression analyses were conducted to identify predictors of depression and anxiety symptoms.
Among 532 respondents, 22.2% reported symptoms of depression and 48,1% reported anxiety, including 3.0% and 8.1% with extremely severe depression and anxiety, respectively. Students not living with immediate family had higher depression score; female students and those in Preclinical Year 1 and Clinical Year 1 showed higher anxiety scores. Dysfunctional coping strategies and lower resilience are predictors of higher depression and anxiety symptoms.
Students show different levels of depressive and anxiety symptoms, signifying different levels of mental health support needs from universal mental health promotion to psychiatric treatment. Prevention programs can be targeted towards students with risk factors, such as not living with immediate family, undergoing first year of preclinical studies or clinical rotations, coping with dysfunctional strategies, and having low resilience. Additionally, medical educators must be aware of other, non-student factors that may impact student mental health, such as curriculum design and learning experience.
由于医学教育过程中的各种挑战，抑郁和焦虑是医学生中普遍存在的心理健康问题。这些问题不仅影响他们的生活质量，还影响他们的学业和职业发展。应对策略和韧性是可能影响学生心理健康结果的两个因素。印度尼西亚医学生心理健康数据稀缺，阻碍了有系统地解决该问题的努力。因此，本研究旨在估计印度尼西亚医学生抑郁和焦虑症状的流行率，并研究其与应对策略和韧性的关系。
印度尼西亚大学医学院的本科医学生（基础医学 1 年级至 4 年级、临床医学 1 年级和 2 年级）被随机选中参加这项横断面研究。研究问卷包括社会人口统计学特征、抑郁焦虑压力量表（DASS）以测量抑郁和焦虑症状、简要应对量表（Brief COPE）以测量应对策略以及Connor-Davidson 韧性量表（CD-RISC）以测量韧性。通过比较不同社会人口统计学组之间的抑郁和焦虑症状评分，并测量其与应对策略和韧性的相关性，分析抑郁和焦虑症状评分。进行多元回归分析以确定抑郁和焦虑症状的预测因素。
在 532 名受访者中，22.2%报告有抑郁症状，48.1%报告有焦虑症状，其中 3.0%和 8.1%有严重和极严重的抑郁和焦虑症状。不与直系亲属一起生活的学生抑郁评分较高；女学生和处于基础医学 1 年级和临床医学 1 年级的学生焦虑评分较高。功能失调的应对策略和较低的韧性是更高的抑郁和焦虑症状的预测因素。
学生表现出不同程度的抑郁和焦虑症状，表明需要从普及心理健康教育到精神科治疗，为他们提供不同程度的心理健康支持。预防计划可以针对具有风险因素的学生，如不与直系亲属一起生活、接受基础医学研究或临床实习的第一年、使用功能失调的应对策略和韧性较低的学生。此外，医学教育者必须意识到可能影响学生心理健康的其他非学生因素，如课程设计和学习体验。
