Nussbaum A R, Dorst J P, Jeffs R D, Gearhart J P, Sanders R C
Radiology. 1986 Apr;159(1):227-35. doi: 10.1148/radiology.159.1.3513247.
The sonographic examinations of four patients with simple ectopic ureters and 11 with ectopic ureteroceles were reviewed to determine distinguishing characteristics. Ectopic ureters, in cases of extreme dilatation and tortuosity, sometimes mimic multiseptated, cystic abdominal masses. However, the proximal portions of some severely dilated ureters are surprisingly small. Ectopic ureters sometimes indent the lower vesical wall, simulating a ureterocele. Ectopic ureteroceles are dynamic structures, changing in shape and size according to intravesical pressure. The lower pole of a duplex kidney may be difficult to detect because of displacement by the dilated upper renal pelvis and ureter. The renal parenchyma associated with an ectopic ureter may be equally difficult or impossible to find because of diminutive dysplasia or, less commonly, acquired atrophy. Dysplasia is characterized sonographically by highly echogenic parenchyma, lack of corticomedullary differentiation, and occasionally massive enlargement by cysts. Ectopic ureters and ureteroceles can be identified by fetal sonography.
回顾了4例单纯异位输尿管患者和11例输尿管囊肿患者的超声检查结果，以确定其鉴别特征。在极度扩张和迂曲的情况下，异位输尿管有时会模仿多分隔的囊性腹部肿块。然而，一些严重扩张的输尿管近端部分却出奇地小。异位输尿管有时会压迫膀胱下壁，类似输尿管囊肿。输尿管囊肿是动态结构，其形状和大小会根据膀胱内压力而变化。由于扩张的上肾盂和输尿管移位，重复肾的下极可能难以检测到。与异位输尿管相关的肾实质可能同样难以找到或根本找不到，原因是发育不良极小，或者较少见的是后天性萎缩。发育不良在超声上的特征是实质回声增强、缺乏皮髓质分化，偶尔囊肿会导致大量增大。胎儿超声检查可以识别异位输尿管和输尿管囊肿。
