McKone Kirsten M P, Silk Jennifer S
Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
Departments of Psychology & Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev. 2022 Mar;25(1):44-74. doi: 10.1007/s10567-022-00382-8. Epub 2022 Feb 8.
A recent emphasis in developmental psychopathology research has been on emotion dynamics, or how emotional experience changes over time in response to context, and how those emotion dynamics affect psychosocial functioning. Two prominent emotion dynamics constructs have emerged in the developmental psychopathology literature: affective variability and socioaffective flexibility. Affective variability is most often measured using momentary methods (e.g., EMA) and is theorized to reflect reactivity and regulation in response to context, whereas socioaffective flexibility is typically measured in the context of parent-child interactions and theorized as the ability to move effectively through a range of affective states. Notably, affective variability is considered broadly maladaptive; however, socioaffective flexibility is theorized to be fundamentally adaptive. Despite these diametric views on adaptability, these two constructs share an underlying dependency on non-effortful emotion change in response to context, which raises questions about whether these constructs are, at their core, more similar than dissimilar. This review examined the literatures on affective variability and socioaffective flexibility in child and adolescent samples, examining associations with psychosocial and clinical correlates, as well as conceptual and methodological similarities and distinctions. Findings indicate that despite considerable theoretical overlap, there are sufficient differences-albeit largely methodological-that justify continuing to treat these constructs as distinct, most notably the influence of parents in socioaffective flexibility. The review closes with several recommendations for future study targeted at further clarifying the distinctions (or lack thereof) between affective variability and socioaffective flexibility.
发展性精神病理学研究最近的一个重点是情绪动态，即情绪体验如何随着时间的推移根据情境而变化，以及这些情绪动态如何影响心理社会功能。发展性精神病理学文献中出现了两种突出的情绪动态结构：情感变异性和社会情感灵活性。情感变异性最常使用即时方法（如生态瞬时评估）进行测量，理论上它反映了对情境的反应性和调节能力，而社会情感灵活性通常在亲子互动的背景下进行测量，理论上是指在一系列情感状态中有效转换的能力。值得注意的是，情感变异性被广泛认为是适应不良的；然而，社会情感灵活性理论上是基本适应的。尽管对适应性存在这些截然相反的观点，但这两种结构在对情境做出的非努力性情绪变化方面存在潜在的依赖性，这就引发了一个问题，即这些结构在核心上是否相似多于不同。这篇综述研究了儿童和青少年样本中情感变异性和社会情感灵活性的文献，考察了它们与心理社会及临床相关因素的关联，以及概念和方法上的异同。研究结果表明，尽管存在相当多的理论重叠，但仍有足够的差异——尽管主要是方法上的差异——足以证明继续将这些结构视为不同的是合理的，最显著的是父母在社会情感灵活性中的影响。综述最后针对未来研究提出了几项建议，旨在进一步澄清情感变异性和社会情感灵活性之间的差异（或不存在差异）。
