Michaelis Martina, Stößel Ulrich, Bieler Frank, Schambortski Heike, Nienhaus Albert
FFAS - Freiburger Forschungsstelle Arbeits- und Sozialmedizin, Bertoldstr. 63, 79098 Freiburg, Deutschland.
Gesamtbereich Präventionsdienste Hauptverwaltung, Berufsgenossenschaft für Gesundheitsdienst und Wohlfahrtspflege (BGW), Hamburg, Deutschland.
Zentralbl Arbeitsmed Arbeitsschutz Ergon. 2022;72(3):99-106. doi: 10.1007/s40664-021-00454-6. Epub 2022 Feb 4.
Physical and mental stress as well as infection hazards of employees in child day care centers require compliance with governmental occupational health and safety (OHS) regulations. How well OHS is organized and how measures are actually implemented are not yet empirically known. This gap was closed with an epidemiological study on the status quo.
In the second half of 2020 a total of 120 managers of day care centers in Germany, mostly church-run, which are member companies of the German Statutory Accident Insurance and Prevention in the Health and Welfare Services (BGW), were randomly selected and interviewed. This was done by members of the BGW prevention services using a standardized survey instrument. The surveyed aspects (mostly concerning the OHS organization) were summarized in a standardized sum index between 0 and 1 (worst to best occupational health and safety) and analyzed descriptively.
The requirements for the organization of OHS were fulfilled in many cases. There is still some potential left for improvement in the actual implementation of organized OHS requirements. The standardized sum index is 0.82 (standard deviation 0.16). Of the respondents two thirds rated OHS in their day care center as good/very good in a global item. In free texts, the desire for more information on OHS and better communication between the day care center and the respective provider was frequently expressed.
The results confirmed a higher formal quality of OHS as found in other cross-sectional studies. To continuously improve the actual implementation of organized measures, OHS management systems, which are still rarely used in day care centers, could have a supporting effect. Corresponding instruments are available and their use should be more strongly promoted in the future. Limitations of the study include possible bias due to responses to representatives of an institution that is also responsible for OHS inspections.
儿童日托中心员工面临的身心压力以及感染风险要求遵守政府的职业健康与安全（OHS）法规。OHS的组织情况以及措施的实际实施效果尚缺乏实证研究。本项关于现状的流行病学研究填补了这一空白。
2020年下半年，随机选取了德国120家日托中心的管理人员进行访谈，这些日托中心大多由教会运营，且是德国法定事故保险及健康与福利服务预防机构（BGW）的成员公司。由BGW预防服务部门的工作人员使用标准化调查工具进行访谈。调查的方面（主要涉及OHS组织）汇总为一个标准化总和指数，范围在0至1之间（职业健康与安全状况从最差到最佳），并进行描述性分析。
OHS组织方面的要求在很多情况下都得到了满足。在有组织的OHS要求的实际实施方面仍有一定的改进空间。标准化总和指数为0.82（标准差0.16）。在一项整体评价中，三分之二的受访者将其所在日托中心的OHS评为良好/非常好。在自由文本中，经常表达了对更多OHS信息以及日托中心与各自供应商之间更好沟通的需求。
研究结果证实了OHS在形式上的质量高于其他横断面研究。为持续改进有组织措施的实际实施效果，日托中心仍很少使用的OHS管理系统可能会起到辅助作用。相应的工具已经存在，未来应更大力地推广其使用。本研究的局限性包括可能因对一个也负责OHS检查的机构的代表的回应而产生偏差。
