Oretorp N, Elmersson S
Arthroscopy. 1986;2(1):46-50. doi: 10.1016/s0749-8063(86)80010-x.
Saline flow through 2.2, 3.8, and 5.0 mm arthroscopes was studied by varying inflow pressure from 0 to 20 kPa, corresponding to the effect of gravity from 0 to 7 feet. The relation between knee joint distention and intraarticular pressure was studied in 25 patients under general anesthesia, and the secondary effect on gravity flow was calculated. Without distention, flow due to gravity alone was adequate through the larger arthroscopes, but diminished rapidly to low values by distending the joint. Even with a 5.0 mm arthroscope and bags at 7 feet (20 kPa), inflow was low when the joint was distended for arthroscopy. Effective clearing by high flow, combined with distention for hemostasis of capsular vessels, demands the use of a pump. Pump irrigation is most effective and also safe when controlled directly by the surgeon.
通过将流入压力从0至20千帕变化（相当于重力从0至7英尺的影响），研究了生理盐水通过2.2毫米、3.8毫米和5.0毫米关节镜的流动情况。在25例全身麻醉患者中研究了膝关节扩张与关节内压力之间的关系，并计算了重力流的次要影响。在未扩张的情况下，仅靠重力的流动对于较大的关节镜来说是足够的，但通过扩张关节，流量会迅速降低至低值。即使使用5.0毫米关节镜且重力为7英尺（20千帕），当为关节镜检查而扩张关节时，流入量也很低。通过高流量进行有效清理，同时为囊状血管止血而进行扩张，需要使用泵。当由外科医生直接控制时，泵灌洗最有效且安全。
