Center for Health and the Environment, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China.
J Toxicol Environ Health A. 2022 Jun 3;85(11):439-456. doi: 10.1080/15287394.2022.2032518. Epub 2022 Feb 9.
Limited data are available on the effects of perinatal environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure for early childhood influenza infection. The aim of the present study was to examine whether perinatal versus adult ETS exposure might provoke more severe systemic and pulmonary innate immune responses in mice inoculated with influenza A/Puerto Rico/8/34 virus (IAV) compared to phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). BALB/c mice were exposed to filtered air (FA) or ETS for 6 weeks during the perinatal or adult period of life. Immediately following the final exposure, mice were intranasally inoculated with IAV or PBS. Significant inflammatory effects were observed in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of neonates inoculated with IAV (FA+IAV or ETS+IAV) compared to PBS (ETS+PBS or FA+PBS), and in the lung parenchyma of neonates administered ETS+IAV versus FA+IAV. Type I and III interferons were also elevated in the spleens of neonates, but not adults with ETS+IAV versus FA+IAV exposure. Both IAV-inoculated neonate groups exhibited significantly more CD4 T cells and increasing numbers of CD8 and CD25 T cells in lungs relative to their adult counterparts. Taken together, these results suggest perinatal ETS exposure induces an exaggerated innate immune response, which may overwhelm protective anti-inflammatory defenses against IAV, and enhances severity of infection at early life stages (e.g., in infants and young children).
关于围产期环境烟草烟雾（ETS）暴露对幼儿流感感染的影响，相关数据有限。本研究旨在探讨与磷酸盐缓冲盐水（PBS）相比，围产期和成人 ETS 暴露是否会引发接种甲型流感病毒（IAV）/波多黎各/8/34 病毒（IAV）的小鼠更严重的全身和肺部固有免疫反应。BALB/c 小鼠在围产期或成年期分别暴露于过滤空气（FA）或 ETS 中 6 周。最后一次暴露后，立即用 IAV 或 PBS 对小鼠进行鼻腔内接种。与 PBS（ETS+PBS 或 FA+PBS）相比，接种 IAV 的新生儿（FA+IAV 或 ETS+IAV）的支气管肺泡灌洗液中观察到明显的炎症反应，与 FA+IAV 相比，接受 ETS+IAV 处理的新生儿的肺实质中也观察到明显的炎症反应。IFN-Ⅰ型和 IFN-Ⅲ型也在接受 ETS+IAV 处理的新生儿的脾脏中升高，但在接受 FA+IAV 处理的成人中没有升高。与成年对照组相比，两组接种 IAV 的新生儿肺部的 CD4 T 细胞明显增多，且 CD8 和 CD25 T 细胞数量也在增加。综上所述，这些结果表明围产期 ETS 暴露会引发过度的固有免疫反应，可能会破坏针对 IAV 的保护性抗炎防御，并在生命早期（如婴儿和幼儿）加重感染的严重程度。
