Shoham Natalie, Cooper Claudia
Division of Psychiatry, University College London (UCL), UK; and Camden and Islington NHS Foundation Trust, St Pancras Hospital, London, UK.
BJPsych Open. 2022 Feb 10;8(2):e44. doi: 10.1192/bjo.2022.16.
Much has been written on the theory that congenital blindness might protect against schizophrenia, but proof remains elusive. It has been suggested that visual ability might be associated with schizophrenia in a bell-shaped distribution, with both lifelong absent and perfect vision being protective. Alternatively, ocular aberrations and schizophrenia may share an aetiology. Any neuronal pathology implicated in schizophrenia could affect the retina, since it is an embryological extension of the brain. The retina is more amenable to direct imaging than other parts of the central nervous system and may give unique insights into schizophrenia-associated neuropathology. It is also possible that psychosis causes visual impairment: people with psychotic illnesses are probably not accessing optical care optimally and have higher levels of risk factors for visual loss.
关于先天性失明可能预防精神分裂症这一理论已有诸多著述，但证据依然难以觅得。有人提出，视觉能力与精神分裂症可能呈钟形分布相关，终生失明和视力完美均具有保护作用。另有观点认为，眼像差与精神分裂症可能有共同的病因。任何与精神分裂症相关的神经元病理学改变都可能影响视网膜，因为视网膜是大脑的胚胎学延伸部分。视网膜比中枢神经系统的其他部分更易于进行直接成像，可能为精神分裂症相关神经病理学提供独特见解。还有可能是精神病导致视力损害：患有精神病的人可能未得到最佳的眼科护理，且有更高水平的视力丧失风险因素。
