Kaposi K L, Courtney R L, Seymour J E
College of Public Health, Medicine and Veterinary Science, Australia.
Australian Institute for Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, 1/14-88 McGregor Road, Smithfield, QLD, 4878, Australia.
Toxicon X. 2022 Jan 31;13:100094. doi: 10.1016/j.toxcx.2022.100094. eCollection 2022 Mar.
Cnidarian bleaching research often focuses on the effects on a cnidarian's physiological health and fitness, whilst little focus has been towards the impacts of these events on their venom ecology. Given the importance of a cnidarian's venom to their survival and the increasing threat of bleaching events, it is important to understand the effects that this threat may have on this important aspect of their ecology as it may have unforeseen impacts on their ability to catch prey and defend themselves. This review aims to explore evidence that suggests that bleaching may impact on each of the key aspects of a cnidarians' venom ecology: cnidae, venom composition, and venom toxicity. Additionally, the resulting energy deficit, compensatory heterotrophic feeding, and increased defensive measures have been highlighted as possible ecological factors driving these changes. Suggestions are also made to guide the success of research in this field into the future, specifically in regards to selecting a study organism, the importance of accurate symbiont and cnidae identification, use of appropriate bleaching methods, determination of bleaching, and animal handling. Ultimately, this review highlights a significant and important gap in our knowledge into how cnidarians are, and will, continue to be impacted by bleaching stress.
刺胞动物白化研究通常聚焦于对刺胞动物生理健康和适应性的影响，而很少关注这些事件对其毒液生态学的影响。鉴于刺胞动物的毒液对其生存的重要性以及白化事件构成的日益增长的威胁，了解这种威胁可能对其生态学这一重要方面产生的影响很重要，因为这可能对它们捕食和自我防御的能力产生不可预见的影响。本综述旨在探讨表明白化可能影响刺胞动物毒液生态学各个关键方面的证据：刺丝囊、毒液成分和毒液毒性。此外，由此产生的能量亏缺、补偿性异养摄食以及防御措施的增加已被强调为推动这些变化的可能生态因素。还提出了一些建议，以指导该领域未来研究的成功开展，特别是在选择研究生物、准确鉴定共生体和刺丝囊的重要性、使用适当的白化方法、确定白化情况以及动物处理方面。最终，本综述凸显了我们在刺胞动物如何以及将如何继续受到白化应激影响这一知识领域存在的重大且重要的空白。
