Integrative Marine Ecology Department, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy.
Marine Biotechnology Department, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy.
Mar Drugs. 2020 Oct 6;18(10):507. doi: 10.3390/md18100507.
Cnidarians have been known since ancient times for the painful stings they induce to humans. The effects of the stings range from skin irritation to cardiotoxicity and can result in death of human beings. The noxious effects of cnidarian venoms have stimulated the definition of their composition and their activity. Despite this interest, only a limited number of compounds extracted from cnidarian venoms have been identified and defined in detail. Venoms extracted from Anthozoa are likely the most studied, while venoms from Cubozoa attract research interests due to their lethal effects on humans. The investigation of cnidarian venoms has benefited in very recent times by the application of omics approaches. In this review, we propose an updated synopsis of the toxins identified in the venoms of the main classes of Cnidaria (Hydrozoa, Scyphozoa, Cubozoa, Staurozoa and Anthozoa). We have attempted to consider most of the available information, including a summary of the most recent results from omics and biotechnological studies, with the aim to define the state of the art in the field and provide a background for future research.
刺胞动物自古以来就因其对人类造成的刺痛而闻名。刺的影响范围从皮肤刺激到心脏毒性，并可能导致人类死亡。刺胞动物毒液的有害影响刺激了它们的组成和活性的定义。尽管人们对此很感兴趣，但从刺胞动物毒液中提取的化合物数量有限，且其结构和功能尚未完全阐明。来自珊瑚纲动物的毒液可能是研究最多的，而来自立方水母纲动物的毒液则因其对人类的致命影响而引起了研究兴趣。最近，基于组学方法的应用，对刺胞动物毒液的研究有了很大的进展。在这篇综述中，我们对主要刺胞动物门（水螅纲、钵水母纲、立方水母纲、十字水母纲和珊瑚纲）毒液中鉴定出的毒素进行了更新概述。我们试图考虑到大多数可用的信息，包括组学和生物技术研究的最新结果摘要，旨在定义该领域的最新技术水平，并为未来的研究提供背景。
