College of Kinesiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada.
College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada.
Eur J Appl Physiol. 2022 May;122(5):1163-1178. doi: 10.1007/s00421-022-04902-w. Epub 2022 Feb 12.
Individuals may opt to follow a plant-based diet for a variety of reasons, such as religious practices, health benefits or concerns for animal or environmental welfare. Such diets offer a broad spectrum of health benefits including aiding in the prevention and management of chronic diseases. In addition to health benefits, a plant-based diet may provide performance-enhancing effects for various types of exercise due to high carbohydrate levels and the high concentration of antioxidants and phytochemicals found in a plant-based diet. However, some plant-based foods also contain anti-nutrional factors, such as phytate and tannins, which decrease the bioavailability of key nutrients, such as iron, zinc, and protein. Thus, plant-based diets must be carefully planned to ensure adequate intake and absorption of energy and all essential nutrients. The current narrative review summarizes the current state of the research concerning the implications of a plant-based diet for health and exercise performance. It also outlines strategies to enhance the bioavailability of nutrients, sources of hard-to-get nutrients, and sport supplements that could interest plant-based athletes.
个人可能会因为各种原因选择植物性饮食，例如宗教实践、健康益处或对动物或环境福利的关注。这种饮食提供了广泛的健康益处，包括帮助预防和管理慢性疾病。除了健康益处外，由于碳水化合物水平高，以及植物性饮食中抗氧化剂和植物化学物质的高浓度，植物性饮食可能会对各种类型的运动产生增强表现的效果。然而，一些植物性食物也含有抗营养因子，如植酸和单宁，它们会降低关键营养素的生物利用度，如铁、锌和蛋白质。因此，必须精心计划植物性饮食，以确保能量和所有必需营养素的充足摄入和吸收。本综述总结了目前关于植物性饮食对健康和运动表现影响的研究现状。它还概述了提高营养素生物利用度的策略、难以获得的营养素来源以及可能对植物性运动员感兴趣的运动补充剂。
