Department of General Surgery, King Edward Medical University Mayo Hospital Lahore, Pakistan.
Department of Histopathology, King Edward Medical University Mayo Hospital Lahore, Pakistan.
J Pak Med Assoc. 2021 Dec;71(12):2770-2776. doi: 10.47391/JPMA.01-1046.
Healthcare systems around the globe have been revolutionised in the last few decades, resulting in a greater need and demand for surgical education outside the operation theatres. Surgical education through simulations started around 2,500 years ago when they were first used in the planning of unique and innovative surgeries while ensuring the safety of the subjects. Currently, simulations include animal models, cadaveric models, benchtop models and complex robotic models. In a programme involving surgical simulators, four requirements are followed to optimise their effectiveness, including mandatory involvement, skill-based instruction, standardised training plan, and overtraining. We can make a reasonable estimation that the future is technology-based. The speed with which we anticipate the fusion of these virtual reality and robotics-based simulation technology with medical educations and practices largely depends on the affordability and economics of these tools. The current narrative review was planned to highlight the historical aspects of simulations, their role in surgical education, and their importance in the future as an essential adjunct to surgical education.
全球的医疗体系在过去几十年发生了变革，因此对外科教育的需求也有所增加，需要在手术室之外进行教育。大约 2500 年前，模拟手术开始用于独特创新手术的规划，以确保受试者的安全，自此之后，模拟手术一直在发展。目前，模拟手术包括动物模型、尸体模型、台式模型和复杂的机器人模型。在一个包含外科模拟器的项目中，遵循四个要求来优化其效果，包括强制性参与、基于技能的指导、标准化培训计划和过度训练。我们可以合理地估计，未来是基于技术的。我们预计这些虚拟现实和机器人模拟技术与医学教育和实践融合的速度在很大程度上取决于这些工具的可负担性和经济性。本次综述旨在强调模拟手术的历史方面、它们在外科教育中的作用，以及它们作为外科教育的重要辅助手段在未来的重要性。
