Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China; State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China.
State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China.
J Genet Genomics. 2022 May;49(5):405-413. doi: 10.1016/j.jgg.2022.01.008. Epub 2022 Feb 10.
Grain size is an important determinant of grain weight and yield in rice. Although several genes related to grain size have been identified, natural variations in these genes that affect grain size are poorly characterized. Here, we describe the grain length QTL GL10, encoding MADS56, which positively regulates grain length and grain weight. A natural allelic variation of NIL-gl10, containing an ∼1.0-kb deletion in the first exon that abolishes its transcription, results in shorter grain length, lower grain weight and delayed flowering in gl10 plants. The knockout of GL10 in the HJX74 background leads to grain phenotypes similar to that of NIL-gl10, while overexpression of GL10 results in increased grain length and weight and earlier heading date. GL10 regulates grain length by promoting greater longitudinal cell growth in the grain glume. Additionally, GL10 participates in the regulation of gibberellic acid (GA) signaling pathway genes in young panicle tissues. Analysis of GL10 haplotypes shows obvious divergence between the japonica and indica lineages. Our findings reveal an allelic variation of GL10 that may explain differences in grain length among modern cultivars and could be used to breed rice varieties with optimized grain shape.
粒型是水稻粒重和产量的一个重要决定因素。尽管已经鉴定出几个与粒型相关的基因，但这些基因中影响粒型的自然变异特征还很差。在这里，我们描述了粒长 QTL GL10，其编码 MADS56，正向调节粒长和粒重。NIL-gl10 的一个自然等位基因变异，在第一个外显子中包含一个约 1.0kb 的缺失，从而使其转录失活，导致 gl10 植株的粒长更短、粒重更低和开花时间延迟。在 HJX74 背景下敲除 GL10 导致的粒型与 NIL-gl10 相似，而过表达 GL10 则导致粒长和粒重增加以及抽穗期提前。GL10 通过促进谷壳中更大的纵向细胞生长来调节粒长。此外，GL10 还参与了幼穗组织中赤霉素（GA）信号通路基因的调控。GL10 单倍型分析表明，其在粳稻和籼稻谱系之间存在明显的分化。我们的研究结果揭示了 GL10 的等位基因变异，这可能解释了现代品种之间粒长的差异，并可用于培育具有优化粒形的水稻品种。
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