Wang Ying, Liu Qing, Dong Hua, Feng Yanni, Raguthu Ciri, Liang Xue, Liu Chen, Zhang Zuncheng, Yao Xiaomei
Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
Ther Adv Endocrinol Metab. 2020 Oct 20;11:2042018820958295. doi: 10.1177/2042018820958295. eCollection 2020.
In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of iodide intake adjustment, 1,25(OH)D supplementation, or both, on the thyroid gland of rat offspring.
The offspring of female rats administered 100 times the normal dose of iodide (100 HI; 750 μg/d) during pregnancy and lactation were divided into four different treatment groups. They were either having their iodide intake adjusted from 100 HI to normal iodide intake (7.5 μg/day) or supplemented with 25-hydroxy vitamin D [1,25(OH)D; 5 μg·kg·day], or both, for 4 weeks. Thyroid sodium pertechnetate (NaTcO) uptake percentages were measured using single-photon emission computed tomography, while serum levels of free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4), thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb), thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb), and vitamin D3 (VD3) were monitored using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The messenger ribonucleic acid expression of interleukin (IL)-17A, interferon gamma (IFN-γ), and IL-10 in the thyroid gland was measured using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, while the protein expression of thyroid-hormone-receptor α1 (TRα1) and thyroid-hormone-receptor β1 (TRβ1) in the thyroid gland was detected using Western blotting. Haematoxylin and eosin (H & E) and immunofluorescence staining were also used to assess thyroid follicular structure and lymphocytic infiltration in the thyroid glands.
The immunofluorescence staining showed CD4 co-localized with TRβ1 or the vitamin D receptor in thyroid gland cells of rats that were continuously treated with 100 HI. Following iodide adjustment, 1,25(OH)D supplementation, or both, an increase in serum levels of FT3, free thyroxine, and VD3, protein expression of TRα1 and TRβ1 in the thyroid gland cells, and NaTcO thyroid uptake percentages was observed. The mRNA expression levels of IL-17A and IFN-γ, decreased, while the mRNA expression levels of IL-10 increased in the thyroid cells of each treatment group, except the group with continuous 100 HI intake.
Iodide adjustment, 1,25(OH)D supplementation, or both may increase the serum levels of FT3, FT4, and VD3, as well as the protein expression levels of TRα1 and TRβ1, in thyroid cells. In addition, iodide adjustment, 1,25(OH)D supplementation, or both, may potentially reverse the imbalance in pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-17A, IFN-γ, and IL-10) caused by 100 HI, which may be beneficial in improving NaTcO thyroid uptake percentages.
在本研究中，我们旨在探讨碘摄入量调整、补充1,25(OH)D或两者兼施对大鼠后代甲状腺的影响。
将在妊娠和哺乳期给予100倍正常剂量碘（100 HI；750 μg/d）的雌性大鼠的后代分为四个不同的治疗组。它们要么将碘摄入量从100 HI调整为正常碘摄入量（7.5 μg/天），要么补充25-羟基维生素D [1,25(OH)D；5 μg·kg·天]，或者两者兼施，持续4周。使用单光子发射计算机断层扫描测量甲状腺高锝酸钠（NaTcO）摄取百分比，同时使用酶联免疫吸附测定监测血清游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸（FT3）、游离甲状腺素（FT4）、甲状腺球蛋白抗体（TgAb）、甲状腺过氧化物酶抗体（TPOAb）和维生素D3（VD3）水平。使用定量实时聚合酶链反应测量甲状腺中白细胞介素（IL）-17A、干扰素γ（IFN-γ）和IL-10的信使核糖核酸表达，同时使用蛋白质印迹法检测甲状腺中甲状腺激素受体α1（TRα1）和甲状腺激素受体β1（TRβ1）的蛋白质表达。苏木精和伊红（H&E）染色以及免疫荧光染色也用于评估甲状腺滤泡结构和甲状腺中的淋巴细胞浸润。
免疫荧光染色显示，在持续用100 HI处理的大鼠甲状腺细胞中，CD4与TRβ1或维生素D受体共定位。在调整碘摄入量、补充1,25(OH)D或两者兼施后，观察到血清FT3、游离甲状腺素和VD3水平升高，甲状腺细胞中TRα1和TRβ1的蛋白质表达增加，以及NaTcO甲状腺摄取百分比增加。除持续摄入100 HI的组外，各治疗组甲状腺细胞中IL-17A和IFN-γ的mRNA表达水平降低，而IL-10的mRNA表达水平升高。
调整碘摄入量、补充1,25(OH)D或两者兼施可能会增加甲状腺细胞中FT3、FT4和VD3的血清水平，以及TRα1和TRβ1的蛋白质表达水平。此外，调整碘摄入量、补充1,25(OH)D或两者兼施可能会逆转由100 HI引起的促炎和抗炎细胞因子（IL-17A、IFN-γ和IL-10）失衡，这可能有助于提高NaTcO甲状腺摄取百分比。
