Case Report: Community-Acquired Pneumonia in an Immunocompetent Patient Detected by Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing.

BACKGROUND

spp. has been well-recognized as an important cause of community-acquired pneumonia. Current community-acquired pneumonia guidelines recommended covering the treatment of because of the high mortality associated with inadequate antibiotic treatments. However, the symptom of pneumonia is non-specific, and routine diagnostic tests exhibit low sensitivity for spp., especially for non- serogroup 1 strains.

CASE PRESENTATION

We report a 53-year-old man without underlying diseases admitted to respiratory intensive care unit because of severe community-acquired pneumonia and respiratory failure. Although, the results of routine culture of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and the urinary antigen test were all negative, metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) identified a great amount of DNA and RNA sequences of in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid while negative in blood sample. The presence of in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was further confirmed by polymerase-chain-reaction and Sanger sequencing.

CONCLUSION

has rarely been reported in patients with community-acquired pneumonia mainly due to lack of diagnostic test for non- pneumophila serogroup 1 strains. This is the first report of pneumonia in an immunocompetent patient detected by mNGS, which indicates that mNGS is a high-resolution and sensitive assay for the diagnosis and surveillance of infection.