Hennig-Pauka Isabel, Hartmann Maria, Merkel Jörg, Kreienbrock Lothar
Field Station for Epidemiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bakum, Germany.
Department of Biometry, Epidemiology and Information Processing, WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Training for Health at the Human-Animal-Environment Interface, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany.
Front Vet Sci. 2022 Jan 28;8:802570. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2021.802570. eCollection 2021.
() is one major bacterial porcine respiratory tract pathogen causing disease outbreaks worldwide, although effective commercial vaccines are available. Due to frequent failure of this preventive measure, treatment with antimicrobials is indispensable to prevent animal losses within an outbreak situation. To preserve the effectivity of antimicrobial substances to fight should therefore be the primary aim of any interventions. In this study, the temporal development of antimicrobial resistance in was analyzed retrospectively in the time period 2006-2020 from a routine diagnostic database. In parallel, frequent coinfections were evaluated to identify most important biotic cofactors as important triggers for disease outbreaks in endemically infected herds. The proportion of serotype 2 decreased over time but was isolated most often from diseased swine (57% in 2020). In ~1% of the cases, was isolated from body sites outside the respiratory tract as brain and joints. The lowest frequencies of resistant isolates were found for cephalothin and ceftiofur (0.18%), florfenicol (0.24%), tilmicosin (2.4%), tiamulin (2.4%), enrofloxacin (2.7%), and spectinomycin (3.6%), while the highest frequencies of resistant isolates were found for gentamicin (30.9%), penicillin (51.5%), and tetracycline (78.2%). For enrofloxacin, tiamulin, tilmicosin, and tetracycline, significantly lower frequencies of resistant isolates were found in the time period 2015-2020 compared to 2006-2014, while gentamicin-resistant isolates increased. In summary, there is only a low risk of treatment failure due to resistant isolates. In maximum, up to six coinfecting pathogens were identified in pigs positive for . Most often pigs were coinfected with Porcine Circovirus 2 (56%), (24.8%), or the Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (23.3%). Potential synergistic effects between these pathogens published from experimental findings can be hypothesized by these field data as well. To prevent disease outbreaks in endemically infected herds more efficiently in the future, next to environmental trigger factors, preventive measures must also address the coinfecting agents.
（）是一种主要的猪呼吸道细菌性病原体，在全球范围内引发疾病爆发，尽管有有效的商业疫苗。由于这种预防措施经常失效，在疫情爆发期间使用抗菌药物治疗对于防止动物损失是必不可少的。因此，保持抗菌物质对抗（病原体）的有效性应该是任何干预措施的主要目标。在本研究中，从一个常规诊断数据库中回顾性分析了2006年至2020年期间（该病原体）抗菌耐药性的时间变化。同时，对频繁的混合感染进行了评估，以确定最重要的生物协同因子，这些因子是地方性感染猪群中疾病爆发的重要触发因素。2型血清型（该病原体）的比例随时间下降，但最常从患病猪中分离出来（2020年为57%）。在约1%的病例中，（该病原体）从呼吸道以外的身体部位如大脑和关节中分离出来。头孢噻吩和头孢噻呋（0.18%）、氟苯尼考（0.24%）、替米考星（2.4%）、泰妙菌素（2.4%）、恩诺沙星（2.7%）和壮观霉素（3.6%）的耐药菌株频率最低，而庆大霉素（30.9%）、青霉素（51.5%）和四环素（78.2%）的耐药菌株频率最高。对于恩诺沙星、泰妙菌素、替米考星和四环素，与2006 - 2014年相比，2015 - 2020年期间耐药菌株的频率显著降低，而庆大霉素耐药菌株增加。总之，由于耐药菌株导致治疗失败的风险较低。在检测出（该病原体）呈阳性的猪中，最多可鉴定出六种混合感染病原体。猪最常与猪圆环病毒2型（56%）、（另一种病原体，此处原文未明确，用括号表示）（24.8%）或猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒（23.3%）混合感染。根据这些实验结果公布的这些病原体之间潜在的协同效应也可以通过这些现场数据进行推测。为了在未来更有效地预防地方性感染猪群中的（该病原体）疾病爆发，除了环境触发因素外，预防措施还必须针对混合感染病原体。
