Field Station for Epidemiology in Bakum, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hanover, Germany.
Department of Biometry, Epidemiology and Information Processing, WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Training for Health at the Human-Animal-Environment Interface, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hanover, Germany.
BMC Vet Res. 2020 Feb 3;16(1):37. doi: 10.1186/s12917-020-2268-z.
Since 2011, antibiotic usage has decreased continuously in livestock in Germany. Whether this is accompanied by a reduction in bacterial antimicrobial resistance has not been proven so far. In this study 3054 Escherichia coli (E. coli) isolates from pigs which had suffered from disease on 2161 farms in North Western Germany were evaluated retrospectively from 2006 to 2017 for trends in their antimicrobial resistance pattern. Data were substantially related to the "pre-reduction period" and were therefore suggested as a basis for this task. Minimal inhibitory concentrations for selected antimicrobial substances were evaluated for E. coli strains isolated from different organs of diseased swine sampled for routine diagnostic. In total, 81% of E. coli were isolated from faeces or the gastrointestinal tract, 11% from the genito-urinary tract and 8% from other organs. Susceptibility testing and classification of isolates in accordance with clinical cut-offs followed the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). If no clinical cut-offs were available for the respective combination of species, substance and organ, other published clinical cut-offs were used.
Differences in susceptibility patterns between isolates from the gastrointestinal and genito-urinary tract were found for most substances. Isolates from the genito-urinary tract were less frequently resistant to ampicillin, apramycin, colistin, neomycin, spectinomycin and tetracycline and more frequently resistant to enrofloxacin and florfenicol. A multifactorial logistic regression model revealed time-dependent decreases in frequency of resistant isolates for neomycin, spectinomycin and tetracycline. For colistin, the highest percentage of resistant isolates with 16.0% was found in 2015 followed by a decrease to the level of 2009-2010 in 2017. A decrease in frequencies of ampicillin-resistant isolates was dependent on the age-group and time period. Irrespective of the year, less than 15% E. coli isolates were resistant to apramycin, cephalosporins, colistin, enrofloxacin, florfenicol, gentamicin and neomycin.
An overall time-dependent decrease in the percentage of resistant E. coli isolates was found for some substances. These data from diseased animals indicate an impact of a general reduction in antibiotic usage on development of bacterial antimicrobial resistance in the field and can support the decision-making of swine practitioners for treatment options in swine.
自 2011 年以来，德国畜牧业中抗生素的使用持续减少。但目前还没有证据表明这是否伴随着细菌对抗生素的耐药性降低。在这项研究中，我们回顾性地评估了 2006 年至 2017 年来自德国西北部 2161 个农场的患有疾病的猪的 3054 株大肠杆菌（E. coli）分离株的抗菌药物耐药模式趋势。这些数据与“减少前时期”有实质性的关联，因此被建议作为这项任务的基础。从用于常规诊断的患病猪的不同器官中分离的大肠杆菌菌株，评估了所选抗菌物质的最小抑菌浓度。总的来说，81%的大肠杆菌分离株来自粪便或胃肠道，11%来自生殖泌尿系统，8%来自其他器官。根据临床和实验室标准协会（CLSI）进行了药敏试验和分离株分类。如果没有针对特定物种-药物-器官组合的临床临界值，则使用其他已发表的临床临界值。
在大多数物质中，来自胃肠道和生殖泌尿系统的分离株的药敏模式存在差异。来自生殖泌尿系统的分离株对氨苄西林、阿米卡星、黏菌素、新霉素、大观霉素和四环素的耐药性较低，对恩诺沙星和氟苯尼考的耐药性较高。多因素逻辑回归模型显示，新霉素、大观霉素和四环素的耐药分离株频率随时间下降。黏菌素的耐药分离株比例最高，为 16.0%，出现在 2015 年，随后在 2017 年降至 2009-2010 年的水平。氨苄西林耐药分离株的频率下降取决于年龄组和时间段。无论哪一年，小于 15%的大肠杆菌分离株对阿米卡星、头孢菌素类、黏菌素、恩诺沙星、氟苯尼考、庆大霉素和新霉素耐药。
对于某些物质，我们发现耐药大肠杆菌分离株的比例随时间呈整体下降趋势。这些患病动物的数据表明，抗生素使用的普遍减少对田间细菌对抗生素的耐药性发展有影响，并为猪病从业者在猪病治疗方案的决策提供支持。
