Tirosh-Levy Sharon, Steinman Amir
Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel.
Division of Parasitology, Kimron Veterinary Institute, Beit Dagan 50200, Israel.
Animals (Basel). 2022 Jan 29;12(3):337. doi: 10.3390/ani12030337.
Equine encephalosis (EE) is an arthropod-borne, noncontagious, febrile disease of horses. It is caused by EE virus (EEV), an of the Reoviridae family transmitted by . Within the EEV serogroup, seven serotypes (EEV-1-7) have been identified to date. This virus was first isolated from a horse in South Africa in 1967 and until 2008 was believed to be restricted to southern Africa. In 2008-2009, isolation of EEV in an outbreak reported from Israel demonstrated the emergence of this pathogen into new niches. Indeed, testing in retrospect sera samples revealed that EEV had already been circulating outside of South Africa since 2001. Although EEV normally does not cause severe clinical disease, it should be considered important since it may indicate the possible spread of other related, much more pathogenic viruses, such as African horse sickness virus (AHSV). The spread of EEV from South Africa to central Africa, the Middle East and India is an example of the possible emergence of new pathogens in new niches, as was seen in the case of West Nile virus, and should be a reminder not to limit the differential list when facing a possible outbreak or a cluster of clinical cases. This review summarizes current knowledge regarding EEV structure, pathogenesis, clinical significance, and epidemiology.
马脑脊髓炎（EE）是一种由节肢动物传播的、非传染性的马属动物发热性疾病。它由马脑脊髓炎病毒（EEV）引起，该病毒属于呼肠孤病毒科，由[未提及传播媒介]传播。在EEV血清群中，迄今已鉴定出7种血清型（EEV-1-7）。这种病毒于1967年首次从南非的一匹马中分离出来，直到2008年一直被认为仅限于非洲南部。在2008 - 2009年，以色列报告的一次疫情中分离出EEV，这表明该病原体已进入新的生态位。事实上，回顾性血清样本检测显示，自2001年以来EEV就在南非以外地区传播。虽然EEV通常不会引起严重的临床疾病，但它应被视为重要的，因为它可能预示着其他相关的、致病性更强的病毒，如非洲马瘟病毒（AHSV）可能传播。EEV从南非传播到中非、中东和印度，是新病原体在新生态位中可能出现的一个例子，就像西尼罗河病毒的情况一样，这应该提醒我们，在面对可能的疫情爆发或一组临床病例时，不要局限于鉴别诊断清单。本综述总结了关于EEV结构、发病机制、临床意义和流行病学的当前知识。
