Karampa Anastasia D, Goussia Anna C, Glantzounis Georgios K, Mastoridou Eleftheria M, Anastasopoulos Nikolaos-Andreas T, Charchanti Antonia V
HPB Unit, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45500 Ioannina, Greece.
Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45500 Ioannina, Greece.
Cancers (Basel). 2022 Feb 1;14(3):760. doi: 10.3390/cancers14030760.
Hepatocarcinogenesis is a long process with a complex pathophysiology. The current therapeutic options for HCC management, during the advanced stage, provide short-term survival ranging from 10-14 months. Autophagy acts as a double-edged sword during this process. Recently, two main autophagic pathways have emerged to play critical roles during hepatic oncogenesis, macroautophagy and chaperone-mediated autophagy. Mounting evidence suggests that upregulation of macroautophagy plays a crucial role during the early stages of carcinogenesis as a tumor suppressor mechanism; however, it has been also implicated in later stages promoting survival of cancer cells. Nonetheless, chaperone-mediated autophagy has been elucidated as a tumor-promoting mechanism contributing to cancer cell survival. Moreover, the autophagy pathway seems to have a complex role during the metastatic stage, while induction of autophagy has been implicated as a potential mechanism of chemoresistance of HCC cells. The present review provides an update on the role of autophagy pathways in the development of HCC and data on how the modulation of the autophagic pathway could contribute to the most effective management of HCC.
肝癌发生是一个具有复杂病理生理学的漫长过程。晚期肝癌目前的治疗选择只能提供10至14个月的短期生存期。自噬在此过程中扮演着双刃剑的角色。最近，两种主要的自噬途径，即巨自噬和伴侣介导的自噬，在肝脏肿瘤发生过程中发挥了关键作用。越来越多的证据表明，巨自噬的上调在癌症发生的早期阶段作为一种肿瘤抑制机制发挥着关键作用；然而，它在后期也与促进癌细胞存活有关。尽管如此，伴侣介导的自噬已被阐明是一种促进肿瘤的机制，有助于癌细胞存活。此外，自噬途径在转移阶段似乎具有复杂的作用，而自噬的诱导被认为是肝癌细胞化疗耐药的潜在机制。本综述提供了关于自噬途径在肝癌发生发展中的作用的最新信息，以及关于自噬途径的调节如何有助于肝癌最有效治疗的数据。
