Rangam Neha Venkatesh, Sudagar Alcina Johnson, Ruszczak Artur, Borowicz Paweł, Tóth József, Kövér László, Michałowska Dorota, Roszko Marek Łukasz, Noworyta Krzysztof Robert, Lesiak Beata
Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland.
Institute for Nuclear Research, BemTér 18/c, H-4026 Debrecen, Hungary.
Nanomaterials (Basel). 2022 Jan 28;12(3):442. doi: 10.3390/nano12030442.
The brewing industry generates a substantial amount of by-products rich in polyphenols, carbohydrates, sugars, sulfates, nitrogen compounds, organic carbon, and several elements, including chlorine, magnesium, and phosphorus. Although limited quantities of these by-products are used in fertilizers and composts, a large amount is discarded as waste. Therefore, it is crucial to identify different ways of valorizing the by-products. Research regarding the valorization of the brewery by-products is still in its nascent stage; therefore, it still has high potential. Herein, we report the valorization of the brewery by-product from the filtration stage of the brewing process (BW9) to synthesize silver nanocomposites as this waste has remained largely unexplored. The BW9 nanocomposites have been compared to those obtained from the brewery product B. The chemical composition analysis of BW9 and B revealed several organic moieties capable of reducing metal salts and capping the formed nanoparticles. Therefore, the brewery waste from stage 9 was valorized as a precursor and added to silver-based precursor at various temperatures (25, 50, and 80 °C) and for various time periods (10, 30, and 120 min) to synthesize silver nanocomposites. The nanocomposites obtained using BW9 were compared to those obtained using the main product of the brewing industry, beer (B). Synthesized nanocomposites composed of AgCl as a major phase and silver metal (Ag) was incorporated in minor quantities. In addition, AgPO was also found in B nanocomposites in minor quantities (up to 34 wt.%). The surface morphology depicted globular nanoparticles with layered structures. Small ball-like aggregates on the layer representative of AgPO were observed in B nanocomposites. The surface of nanocomposites was capped with organic content and functional groups present in the brewery products. The nanocomposites demonstrated high antibacterial activity against (), with BW9 nanocomposites exhibiting a higher activity than B nanocomposites.
酿造行业会产生大量富含多酚、碳水化合物、糖类、硫酸盐、含氮化合物、有机碳以及多种元素（包括氯、镁和磷）的副产品。尽管这些副产品有少量用于肥料和堆肥，但大量都作为废物被丢弃。因此，确定使这些副产品增值的不同方法至关重要。关于酿造副产品增值的研究仍处于初期阶段；因此，其潜力巨大。在此，我们报告了将酿造过程过滤阶段的酿造副产品（BW9）用于合成银纳米复合材料，因为这种废物在很大程度上尚未得到充分探索。已将BW9纳米复合材料与从酿造产品B获得的纳米复合材料进行了比较。BW9和B的化学成分分析表明，有几种有机部分能够还原金属盐并包覆形成的纳米颗粒。因此，将第9阶段的酿造废物作为前体进行增值利用，并在不同温度（25、50和80℃）和不同时间段（10、30和120分钟）添加到银基前体中以合成银纳米复合材料。将使用BW9获得的纳米复合材料与使用酿造行业主要产品啤酒（B）获得的纳米复合材料进行了比较。合成的纳米复合材料以AgCl为主要相，少量掺入银金属（Ag）。此外，在B纳米复合材料中还少量发现了AgPO（含量高达34 wt.%）。表面形态显示为具有层状结构的球状纳米颗粒。在B纳米复合材料中观察到层上代表AgPO的小球状聚集体。纳米复合材料的表面被酿造产品中存在的有机成分和官能团包覆。纳米复合材料对（）表现出高抗菌活性，其中BW9纳米复合材料的活性高于B纳米复合材料。
