Lesieur H R, Blume S B, Zoppa R M
Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 1986 Jan-Feb;10(1):33-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.1986.tb05610.x.
Patients in an alcoholism and drug dependency treatment facility were questioned about their gambling behavior in order to find out what percentage of them were abusing alcohol and/or drugs and gambling. In order to do this, a pathological gambling signs index was constructed according to a modification of DSM III criteria and validated using independent procedures. Out of 458 patients interviewed, 40 (9%) were diagnosed as pathological gamblers and an additional 47 (10%) showed signs of problematic gambling. These patients showed clear signs of emotional, financial, family and occupational disruption, and illegal behavior in connection with their gambling which compound the disruption induced by alcohol and/or drugs. Five per cent of the patients abusing only alcohol, 12% of those with alcohol and another drug in combination, and 18% of those with other drug abuse problems without an alcohol component showed clear signs of pathological gambling; 11 1/2% of males and 2% of females were classified as pathological gamblers. The index was also significantly associated with parental gambling (38% of the children of pathological gamblers were pathological gamblers themselves). Gambling by siblings, alcoholism in the father (but not in the mother), gambling prior to age 20, greater amounts of gambling for more money, and "chasing losses in order to get even" were also positively correlated with the index. The implications for study and treatment of these individuals are discussed in terms of the study of addictions.
一家酗酒和药物依赖治疗机构的患者被问及他们的赌博行为，以了解其中有多大比例的人同时存在酒精和/或药物滥用以及赌博问题。为此，根据对《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》第三版（DSM III）标准的修改构建了一个病态赌博体征指数，并通过独立程序进行了验证。在接受访谈的458名患者中，40人（9%）被诊断为病态赌徒，另有47人（10%）表现出问题赌博的迹象。这些患者表现出情绪、财务、家庭和职业方面明显的紊乱迹象，以及与赌博相关的违法行为，这些行为加剧了由酒精和/或药物引起的紊乱。仅酗酒的患者中有5%、同时酗酒和滥用另一种药物的患者中有12%，以及存在其他药物滥用问题但不酗酒的患者中有18%表现出病态赌博的明显迹象；11.5%的男性和2%的女性被归类为病态赌徒。该指数还与父母的赌博行为显著相关（病态赌徒的子女中有38%本身也是病态赌徒）。兄弟姐妹的赌博行为、父亲（而非母亲）的酗酒问题、20岁之前开始赌博、为了更多钱而进行更大金额的赌博以及“为了扳平而追逐损失”也与该指数呈正相关。本文从成瘾性研究的角度讨论了对这些个体进行研究和治疗的意义。
