Sundqvist Christoffer, Li Xinjun, Sundquist Kristina, Jansåker Filip
Center for Primary Health Care Research, Clinical Research Centre (CRC), Jan Waldenströms Gata 35, Region Skåne University Hospital, 20502 Malmö, Sweden.
Center for Primary Health Care Research, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, 20502 Malmö, Sweden.
J Clin Med. 2022 Jan 19;11(3):496. doi: 10.3390/jcm11030496.
Urinary incontinence (UI) is a very common condition in the primary healthcare settings. Few studies have investigated whether sociodemographic factors are related to UI. This nationwide study aimed to investigate whether there is a relationship between sociodemographic factors and UI in women.
A nationwide open cohort study included 2,044,065 women aged 15-50 years. Several national population-based (Sweden) databases including nationwide primary healthcare data were used. The outcome was the time to the first event of any UI diagnosis during the study period (1997-2018). Cox regression models were used to test for associations between individual sociodemographic factors and UI.
The study identified 44,250 UI events. These corresponded to 2.16% of the study population and an incidence rate (IR) per 1000 person-years of 1.85 (95% CI 1.84-1.87). In the fully adjusted model, a high age, low education level, and being born outside of Sweden were independently associated with a higher UI risk, while rural living was associated with a lower risk. The income level did not seem to have a large impact. Most notably, women born in the Middle East/North Africa and Latin America/Caribbean had a substantially higher risk of UI with HRs of 2.41 (95% CI 2.33-2.49) and 2.30 (95% CI 2.17-2.43), respectively. Parity was strongly and independently associated with UI.
This study presents novel risk factors associated with UI. The findings provide new knowledge concerning the burden of this disease among women, which could be used to provide more equal healthcare for these patients in the future. Previous research allied with these findings suggests using a comprehensive approach targeting health disparities.
尿失禁（UI）在初级卫生保健机构中是一种非常常见的病症。很少有研究调查社会人口学因素是否与尿失禁有关。这项全国性研究旨在调查女性社会人口学因素与尿失禁之间是否存在关联。
一项全国性开放队列研究纳入了2,044,065名年龄在15至50岁之间的女性。使用了几个基于全国人口（瑞典）的数据库，包括全国性初级卫生保健数据。研究结果是在研究期间（1997 - 2018年）首次出现任何尿失禁诊断事件的时间。采用Cox回归模型来检验个体社会人口学因素与尿失禁之间的关联。
该研究确定了44,250例尿失禁事件。这些事件占研究人群的2.16%，每1000人年的发病率（IR）为1.85（95%可信区间1.84 - 1.87）。在完全调整模型中，高龄、低教育水平以及出生在瑞典境外与尿失禁风险较高独立相关，而农村居住与较低风险相关。收入水平似乎没有很大影响。最值得注意的是，出生在中东/北非和拉丁美洲/加勒比地区的女性尿失禁风险显著更高，风险比分别为2.41（95%可信区间2.33 - 2.49）和2.30（95%可信区间2.17 - 2.43）。产次与尿失禁强烈且独立相关。
本研究提出了与尿失禁相关的新危险因素。这些发现提供了关于这种疾病在女性中的负担的新知识，未来可用于为这些患者提供更平等的医疗保健。与这些发现相关的先前研究建议采用针对健康差距的综合方法。
