Brandl M, Lang M, Obermayer A
Anaesthesist. 1986 Feb;35(2):73-9.
Assessment of the performance of modern ventilators that combine spontaneous breathing and mechanical ventilation is orientated not only towards the assessment of the inspiratory and expiratory resistance within the system, but also towards the functional criteria for the inspiratory and expiratory valves. This conclusion is particularly valid for CPAP procedures, as in this case patients must perform the entire work of breathing by themselves. As it has proved to be extremely problematic to carry out comparative testing of ventilators on patients in the intensive care unit, a breathing simulator has been developed, the use of which has enabled us to have a "patient" at our disposal who can tolerate the procedures for measuring the performance of ventilators with IMV and with CPAP without injury. The pressure-flow characteristics and the work of breathing can thus be measured under constant conditions and with various ventilation systems. Exact analysis of the pressure curve pattern under standardized conditions proved to be of value for assessing the suitability of CPAP in the case of both demand-valve systems and continuous flow systems. Appropriate assessment criteria have been worked out; the course of the test and the results for two ventilators are discussed as an example, using these criteria.
对结合自主呼吸和机械通气的现代呼吸机性能的评估，不仅着眼于系统内吸气和呼气阻力的评估，还涉及吸气和呼气阀的功能标准。这一结论对于持续气道正压通气（CPAP）程序尤为适用，因为在这种情况下患者必须自行完成全部呼吸工作。由于在重症监护病房对患者进行呼吸机对比测试已被证明极具问题，因此开发了一种呼吸模拟器，利用它我们能够拥有一个“患者”供我们使用，该“患者”能够耐受采用间歇指令通气（IMV）和CPAP测量呼吸机性能的程序而不受损伤。这样就可以在恒定条件下和使用各种通气系统时测量压力-流量特性及呼吸功。在标准化条件下对压力曲线模式进行精确分析，对于评估需求阀系统和持续气流系统中CPAP的适用性均被证明具有价值。已经制定了适当的评估标准；以这两个标准为例，讨论了测试过程及两台呼吸机的结果。
