Jaskulski Dariusz, Jaskulska Iwona, Majewska Joanna, Radziemska Maja, Bilgin Ayla, Brtnicky Martin
Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, 7 Prof. S. Kaliskiego St., 85-796 Bydgoszcz, Poland.
Research & Development Centre Agro-Land Marek Różniak Śmielin, 89-110 Sadki, Poland.
Materials (Basel). 2022 Jan 24;15(3):870. doi: 10.3390/ma15030870.
Nanotechnology and nanomaterials, including silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), are increasingly important in modern science, economics, and agriculture. Their biological activity involves influencing plant health, physiological processes, growth, and yields, although they can also be toxic in the environment. A new fertiliser was made based on a urea solution with a relatively low content of AgNPs obtained by the reduction of silver nitrate V. Laboratory tests were used to assess the effect of a fertiliser solution containing 10 ppm AgNPs on the germination of agricultural plant seeds (barley, peas, oilseed rape) and vegetables (radish, cucumber, lettuce) and its foliar application on chlorophyll content, stomatal conductance, and seedling biomass. Field experiments were conducted to assess the effect that a foliar application of 15 ppm AgNPs in working liquid had on physiological plant parameters and yields of rape and cucumber. The AgNPs in the tested fertiliser reduced infestation of the germinating seeds by pathogens and positively affected the physiological processes, productivity, and yields of plants. Plant response depended on plant species and habitat conditions. Reduced pathogen infestation of seeds, higher germination energy, increased chlorophyll content and stomatal conductance, and higher seedling masses all occurred under the influence of AgNPs, mainly in oilseed rape and cucumber, and especially under thermal stress. The beneficial effect of AgNPs on the yield of these plants occurred in years of unfavourable weather conditions. The positive agricultural test results, especially under stress conditions, indicate that fertiliser produced with AgNPs as an ingredient may reduce the use of pesticides and highly concentrated mineral fertilisers. Such a fertiliser is fully in line with the idea of sustainable agriculture. However, research on the effects that AgNPs and fertiliser have on the environment and humans should continue.
纳米技术和纳米材料，包括银纳米颗粒（AgNPs），在现代科学、经济和农业中日益重要。它们的生物活性涉及影响植物健康、生理过程、生长和产量，尽管它们在环境中也可能有毒。基于通过硝酸银V还原获得的含相对低含量AgNPs的尿素溶液制备了一种新型肥料。通过实验室测试评估了含有10 ppm AgNPs的肥料溶液对农业植物种子（大麦、豌豆、油菜）和蔬菜（萝卜、黄瓜、生菜）发芽的影响及其对叶绿素含量、气孔导度和幼苗生物量的叶面喷施效果。进行了田间试验，以评估在工作液中叶面喷施15 ppm AgNPs对油菜和黄瓜的植物生理参数和产量的影响。测试肥料中的AgNPs减少了病原菌对发芽种子的侵染，并对植物的生理过程、生产力和产量产生了积极影响。植物反应取决于植物种类和生境条件。在AgNPs的影响下，种子的病原菌侵染减少、发芽能量提高、叶绿素含量和气孔导度增加以及幼苗质量增加，主要发生在油菜和黄瓜中，尤其是在热胁迫下。AgNPs对这些植物产量的有益影响在天气条件不利的年份出现。积极的农业测试结果，尤其是在胁迫条件下，表明以AgNPs为成分生产的肥料可能会减少农药和高浓度矿物肥料的使用。这种肥料完全符合可持续农业的理念。然而，关于AgNPs和肥料对环境和人类影响的研究应该继续。
