Hetland Audun
Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Jan 24;19(3):1290. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19031290.
To learn about extreme sports and what motivates such activities, we need to understand the emotions embedded in the experience itself. However, how we go about assessing these emotions might provide us with very different answers. An experience is a fleeting and ever-changing phenomenon, rich in detail and filled with nuances. What we remember and, therefore, what we are able to report from our experience might, however, be strikingly different to what we experienced. Our memories are grained by time, impaired by arousal, and affected by context. Despite these limitations, the most common way to measure an experience is by self reporting. The current paper reviews some of the relevant theory on emotions and how this might impact different assessments. I also describe a new way of measuring momentary emotions in the field by use of video cameras and automatic coding of facially expressed emotions. Extreme sports may leave us with positive memories but may be anything but pleasant while in the midst of them. In the end, this paper may give some hints to why.
为了了解极限运动以及促使人们参与此类活动的动机,我们需要理解体验本身所蕴含的情感。然而,我们评估这些情感的方式可能会给我们带来截然不同的答案。一种体验是转瞬即逝且不断变化的现象,细节丰富且充满细微差别。然而,我们所记住的,以及因此能够从体验中报告出来的内容,可能与我们实际经历的大相径庭。我们的记忆会随着时间而变得模糊,因兴奋而受损,并受到情境的影响。尽管存在这些局限性,但衡量一种体验最常用的方法是自我报告。本文回顾了一些关于情感的相关理论,以及这可能如何影响不同的评估。我还描述了一种在实地测量瞬间情感的新方法,即使用摄像机和对面部表情情感进行自动编码。极限运动可能会给我们留下美好的回忆,但在参与过程中可能一点也不愉快。最后,本文或许能为其中的原因提供一些线索。