Department of Agrochemistry, Environmental Microbiology and Soil Conservation, Institute of Natural Resources and Agrobiology of Seville, Spanish National Research Council (IRNAS-CSIC), 41012 Seville, Spain.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Jan 26;19(3):1365. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19031365.
The phenylurea herbicides are persistent in soil and water, making necessary the de-velopment of techniques for their removal from the environment. To identify new options in this regard, bacterial strains were isolated from a soil historically managed with pesticides. CD3 showed the ability to remove completely herbicides such as diuron, linuron, chlorotoluron and fluometuron from aqueous solution, and up to 89% of isoproturon. In the case of diuron and linuron, their main metabolite, 3,4-dichloroaniline (3,4-DCA), which has a higher toxicity than the parent compounds, was formed, but remained in solution without further degradation. CD3 was also tested for bioremediation of two different agricultural soils artificially contaminated with diuron, employing bioremediation techniques: (i) biostimulation, using a nutrient solution (NS), (ii) bioaugmentation, using CD3, and iii) bioavailability enhancement using 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPBCD). When bioaugmentation and HPBCD were jointly applied, 50% of the diuron initially added to the soil was biodegraded in a range from 4.7 to 0.7 d. Also, 3,4-DCA was degraded in soil after the strain was inoculated. At the end of the soil biodegradation assay an ecotoxicity test confirmed that after inoculating CD3 the toxicity was drastically reduced.
苯脲类除草剂在土壤和水中具有持久性，因此必须开发从环境中去除它们的技术。为了在这方面确定新的选择，从历史上使用农药管理的土壤中分离出了细菌菌株。CD3 显示出从水溶液中完全去除除草剂如敌草隆、利谷隆、绿麦隆和氟草隆的能力，最高可达 89%的异丙隆。在敌草隆和利谷隆的情况下，形成了它们的主要代谢物 3,4-二氯苯胺（3,4-DCA），其毒性比母体化合物更高，但仍留在溶液中而没有进一步降解。CD3 还用于两种不同的农业土壤的生物修复，这些土壤是人为用敌草隆污染的，采用生物修复技术：（i）生物刺激，使用营养溶液（NS），（ii）生物增强，使用 CD3，和（iii）利用 2-羟丙基-β-环糊精（HPBCD）提高生物利用度。当生物增强和 HPBCD 联合应用时，最初添加到土壤中的 50%的敌草隆在 4.7 至 0.7 天的范围内被生物降解。此外，在接种菌株后，3,4-DCA 在土壤中降解。在土壤生物降解试验结束时，一项生态毒性试验证实，接种 CD3 后，毒性大大降低。
