Division of Cancer Research and Training, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA 90059, USA.
Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Jan 27;23(3):1461. doi: 10.3390/ijms23031461.
Exosomes are a class of small membrane-bound extracellular vesicles released by almost all cell types and present in all body fluids. Based on the studies of exosome content and their interactions with recipient cells, exosomes are now thought to mediate "targeted" information transfer. Tumor-derived exosomes (TEX) carry a cargo of molecules different from that of normal cell-derived exosomes. TEX functions to mediate distinct biological effects such as receptor discharge and intercellular cross-talk. The immune system defenses, which may initially restrict tumor progression, are progressively blunted by the broad array of TEX molecules that activate suppressive pathways in different immune cells. Herein, we provide a review of the latest research progress on TEX in the context of tumor-mediated immune suppression and discuss the potential as well as challenges of TEX as a target of immunotherapy.
外泌体是一类由几乎所有细胞类型释放的、具有小膜结构的细胞外囊泡，存在于所有体液中。基于对外泌体内容物及其与靶细胞相互作用的研究，外泌体现在被认为介导“靶向”信息传递。肿瘤来源的外泌体（TEX）携带的分子与正常细胞来源的外泌体不同。TEX 发挥作用，介导受体释放和细胞间串扰等不同的生物学效应。免疫系统的防御最初可能限制肿瘤的进展，但 TEX 分子的广泛存在逐渐削弱了这种防御，这些分子在不同的免疫细胞中激活抑制性途径。本文就 TEX 在肿瘤介导的免疫抑制中的最新研究进展进行综述，并讨论了 TEX 作为免疫治疗靶点的潜力和挑战。
