Departments of Pathology, Immunology & Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine & UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
Future Oncol. 2017 Dec;13(28):2583-2592. doi: 10.2217/fon-2017-0343. Epub 2017 Dec 4.
Tumor-derived exosomes (TEX) carry both immunosuppressive and immunostimulatory receptor/ligands that in part mimic the profiles of the parent tumor cells. Operating as an intercellular communication system, TEX deliver protumor or antitumor signals to immune and nonimmune cells reprogramming their functions. Mechanisms responsible for cellular reprogramming include cell surface signaling and/or uptake of TEX by recipient cells. Once internalized, TEX transfer mRNA, miRNA and proteins that promote transcriptional/translational activities. TEX-mediated signaling is contextual and, in the tumor microenvironment, TEX largely mediate suppression. TEX may interfere with immune therapies either by sequestration of therapeutic antibodies or elimination of vaccine-induced or adoptively-transferred immune effector cells. TEX are emerging as an ubiquitous subcellular system regulating immune responses in patients with cancer.
肿瘤衍生的外泌体 (TEX) 携带免疫抑制和免疫刺激受体/配体，部分模拟亲代肿瘤细胞的特征。作为细胞间通讯系统，TEX 将促肿瘤或抗肿瘤信号传递给免疫和非免疫细胞，重新编程其功能。负责细胞重编程的机制包括细胞表面信号和/或受体细胞对 TEX 的摄取。一旦被内化，TEX 就会转移促进转录/翻译活性的 mRNA、miRNA 和蛋白质。TEX 介导的信号传递具有上下文依赖性，在肿瘤微环境中，TEX 主要介导抑制作用。TEX 可能通过隔离治疗性抗体或消除疫苗诱导或过继转移的免疫效应细胞来干扰免疫治疗。TEX 作为一种普遍存在的细胞内系统，正在成为调节癌症患者免疫反应的新靶点。
