Department of Human & Clinical Anatomy, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khoud, Muscat 123, Oman.
Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Persiaran Ilmu, Putra Nilai, Nilai 71800, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia.
Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Jan 31;23(3):1649. doi: 10.3390/ijms23031649.
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignant hematological disease. The disease is characterized by the clonal proliferation of malignant plasma cells in the bone marrow. MM accounts for 1.3% of all malignancies and has been increasing in incidence all over the world. Various genetic abnormalities, mutations, and translocation, including epigenetic modifications, are known to contribute to the disease's pathophysiology. The prognosis is good if detected early, or else the outcome is very bad if distant metastasis has already occurred. Conventional treatment with drugs poses a challenge when there is drug resistance. In the present review, we discuss multiple myeloma and its treatment, drug resistance, the molecular basis of epigenetic regulation, the role of natural products in epigenetic regulators, diet, physical activity, addiction, and environmental pollutants, which may be beneficial for clinicians and researchers.
多发性骨髓瘤（MM）是一种恶性血液病。该病的特征是骨髓中恶性浆细胞的克隆性增殖。MM 占所有恶性肿瘤的 1.3%，并且在全球的发病率一直在增加。已知各种遗传异常、突变和易位，包括表观遗传修饰，都有助于该疾病的病理生理学。如果早期发现，预后良好，否则如果已经发生远处转移，预后则非常差。当出现耐药性时，用药物进行常规治疗具有挑战性。在本综述中，我们讨论了多发性骨髓瘤及其治疗、耐药性、表观遗传调控的分子基础、天然产物在表观遗传调节剂中的作用、饮食、体育活动、成瘾和环境污染物，这可能对临床医生和研究人员有益。
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